Intention: During construction, there can be a lot of pollution going on, especially when it rains. Pollution on construction sites can be reduced by controlling:

1. Soil erosion
2. Airborne dust generation
3. Waterway sedimentation

Implementation:

1. Provide ESC (Erosion and Sedimentation Control) plan into construction documents and specifications.
2. Goal is to prevent the loss of soil, pollution, and sedimentation.
3. Follow the EPA 2003 (Environmental Protection Agency) standards.
4. CGP (Construction General Permit) outlines how to comply with NPDESprogram. CGP covers sites greater than 1 acre, but LEED covers all.

• Ways to control sedimentation:
  • Stabilization: i.e. seeding and mulching
  • Structural: i.e. silt fences, earth dikes, sediment traps
  
  

Intention:

1. To avoid development in inappropriate sites.
2. To reduce environmental impact from the location of a building on a site.

Implementation:

DO NOT develop on sites:

1. Below 5ft. above the 100 year flood elevation as defined by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)
2. Within 100ft. of Wetlands as defined by CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
3. Prime farmland as defined by USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
4. Within 50ft. of a water body (lakes, seas, rivers, etc.) Comply with Clean Water Act.
5. Habitat for any endangered or critical species.
6. Public parkland (Park Authority projects are exempt)

Intention:

1. To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure.
2. Protect greenfields and protect habitat and natural resources.

SS 2 - DD& CC

Implementation

Implementation:

• Density Development (OPTION 1)

1. Commercial
   • minimum 60,000 sq.ft. per acre
   • compare to 2 story downtown building
   • previously developed site

• Community Connectivity (OPTION 2)

1. previously developed site
2. within 1/2 mile radius of 10 "basic services" (see below)
   • Banks, churches, restaurants (2 allowed), stores, etc.
   • do not include undeveloped areas (parks, water bodies)
   • pedestrian access between buildings
3. within 1/2 mile of residential area averaging density 10/units per acre

 T/F There is extra credit for SS2?

Extra Credit:

• Earn exemplary performance credit by first meeting the requirements of Option 1 and additionally meeting one of the two following requirements:
  • The project itself must have a density of at least double that of the average density within the calculated area OR
  • The average density within an area twice as large as the base credit must be at least 120,000 sq. ft/acre

Intention:

1. Rehabilitate damaged sites (environmentally contaminated sites)
2. Reduce pressure on undeveloped land

False.  This credit happens to be one of the most expensive to implement. Thusly there are many government incentives / tax breaks to help

Implementation:

1. Rebuild on a contaminated site as documented by ASTM E1903-07 or local codes.
2. Brownfield definition by the EPA.
3. CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, aka. SUPERFUND.

Implementation:

• Case 1:

1. locate project within 1/2 mi. from existing or future planned (and funded) train or subway station

• Case 2:

1. locate project within 1/4 mi. from two public or campus bus lines

Intention:

1. Reduce Pollution from auto use
2. Reduce land development from auto use

Extra Credit:

• One SS4 extra credit point allowed by creating a ‘comprehensive transportation management plan’ showing a quantifiable reduction in auto use OR
• One SS4 extra credit point Double the above options (1/2mi. of TWOtrain/rail/subway station or 1/4mi.from FOUR public or campus bus lines) AND 200 transit rides available each day at these stops.

Implementation:

• Case 1:

1. provide bike rack (based on 0.05 FTE measured at PEAK periods) within 200 yards AND
2. provide changing room and shower (based on 0.005 FTE) within 200 yards

• Case 2 (residential):

1. provide bike rack for 15% of residents

Intention:

1. Reduce Pollution from auto use
2. Reduce land development from auto use

Extra Credit:

• One SS4 extra credit point allowed by creating a ‘comprehensive transportation management plan.

Alternative Transportation -

Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles

Implementation:

• Option 1:

1. provide low emission cars (yes, provide cars to people), with preferred parking (0.03 FTE)

• Option 2:

1. provide preferred parking for low emission cars (0.05 total parking spaces)

• Option 3:

1. prodive charging station and refuel stations for low emission cars (0.03 total parking spaces)

• low emission car = ZEV (zero emisson vehicle) = minimum energy star of 40.
• preferred parking EXCLUDES handicap spaces

Intention:

1. Reduce Pollution from auto use
2. Reduce land development from auto use

Extra Credit:

• One SS4 extra credit point allowed by creating a ‘comprehensive transportation management plan.

All of them!!

Reduce pollution & land development from auto use

Implementation:

• Option 1 (non-residential):

1. do not exceed local parking requirements in proposed parking scheme
2. provide carpool parking (for 0.05 total parking spaces)

• Option 2 (non-residential):

1. for projects that provide parking for less than 5% of FTE building occupants: provide carpool parking (for 0.05 total parking spaces)

• Option 3 (residential):

1. do not exceed local codes
2. shared vehicle program

• Option 4 (all):

1. provide no new parking

Intention:

1. Reduce Pollution from auto use
2. Reduce land development from auto use

Extra Credit:

• One SS4 extra credit point allowed by creating a ‘comprehensive transportation management plan.

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Intention:

1. Conserve existing natural areas
2. Restore damaged areas
3. Provide habitat space
4. Promote biodiversity

Implementation:

• greenfield sites : protect by limiting site disturbance beyond:

1. 40 ft. of building perimeter
2. 25 ft. of constructed areas
3. 15 ft. of roadways
4. 10 ft. of walkways
5. 15 ft. of main utility trenches & 10ft. for utilities less than 12in. diamater

• previously developed sites :

1. keep 50% of site green (using native species)
2. exclude building footprint in calculation

• zero-lot-line:
  

1. projects earning SS2 (60,000 sq.ft. min/acre) and using vegetated roofs may apply vegetated roof surface for this calculation
2. 20 % of site area to be green
3. include building footprint in calculation

Extra Credit:

• previously developed sites : keep 75% (instead of 50%) site as green/vegetated with native species.

Implementation:

1. Case 1: there IS a local code for open space restriction
   • open space should exceed local code by 25%
2. Case 2: there is NO code (campuses or military bases)
   • open space is to be same size as building footprint
3. Case 3: there IS a local code, but ZERO open space requirement:
   • open space should be 20% of site area

• For all options:
  1. urban area projects that earn SS2
     • vegetated roof areas can count toward credit compliance
     • pedestrian oriented hardscape areas can count toward credit compliance (min. 25% open space must be vegetated)
     • Wetlands or naturally design ponds count if side slope gradients average 1:4 (vertical:horizontal) or less and are vegetated

Intention:

1. A high open space to footprint ratio
2. Promote biodiversity

Extra Credit:

• case 1: open space to exceed local codes by 50% (instead of 25%)
• case 2: open space to double building footprint (instead of match)
• case 3: open space to be 40% of site area (instead of 20%)

Implementation:

• note:
  • humid watershed: 1″ rainfall / 40″ per year
  • semi-arid watershed: 0.75″ rainfall / 20-40″ per year
  • arid watershed: 0.50″ rainfall / less than 20″ per year

1. case 1: impervious surface less than or equal to 50% of total site area
   • post-development peak discharge rate and quantity equal to or less than pre-development (for 1 and 2 year, 24-hour design storms) OR
   • implement a stormwater management plan that protect receiving stream channels from excessive erosion by implementing a stream channel protection strategy and quantity control strategies.
2. case 2: impervious surface more than 50% of total site area
   • post-development peak discharge rate and quantity 25% less than pre-development (from the two-year 24-hour design storm)

Intention:

1. Limit the disruption of natural hydrology
2. Increase on-site filtration
3. Manage storm water runoff
4. Eliminate sources of contaminants
5. Reduce impervious cover
6. Reduce/eliminate pollution
7. Remove pollutants from storm water runoff

• Stormwater Design (for reduction of impervious surface)

1. alternative surfaces: rain gardens, vegetated swales, rainwater recycling
2. non-structural surfaces: vegetated roofs, pervious pavement, grid pavers

Implementation:

1. treat and capture 90% storm water runoff
2. remove 80% TSS (total suspended solids)
3. use acceptable BMPs (Best Management Practices) considering the following:

• sustainable design strategies: low impact, environmentally sensitive design)
• alternative surfaces: vegetated roofs, swales
• natural and mechanical treatment: constructed wetlands, vegetated filters and open channels

Intention:

1. Limit the disruption of natural hydrology
2. Increase on-site filtration
3. Manage storm water runoff
4. Eliminate sources of contaminants
5. Reduce impervious cover
6. Reduce/eliminate pollution
7. Remove pollutants from storm water runoff

• Stormwater Design (for reduction of impervious surface)

1. alternative surfaces: rain gardens, vegetated swales, rainwater recycling
2. non-structural surfaces: vegetated roofs, pervious pavement, grid pavers

Implementation:

1. option 1:
   • provide shade to 50% of site area (within 5 years of occupancy)
   • provide open grid area (parking, roads, sidewalks) with paving material of SRI 29 or higher.
2. option 2:
   • provide 50% parking underground or under roof
     
   • provide paving material with SRI 29 or higher.

Intention:

1. Reduce heat islands
2. Minimize impact on microclimate and habitats

Extra Credit:

• option 1: provide 100% (instead of 50%) of site shade for 5 year occupany
• option 2: provive 100% (instead of 50%) of parking underground or under roof

Intention:

1. Reduce heat islands
2. Minimize impact on microclimate and habitats

Implementation:

1. option 1:
   • 75% roof material should be:
     • SRI 78 for a slope less than 2:12 (low-sloped roof)
     • SRI 29 for a slope more than 2:12 (steep-sloped roof)
2. option 2:
   • Install a vegetated roof for at least 50% of the roof area
3. option3:
   • combination of options 1 & 2:
     • Calculation of (Area of SRI roof /0.75) + (Area of vegetated roof / 0.5) is greater than total roof area.

Implementation:

• 4 Light Zones

1. LZ1: dark, density less than 200 people per square mile
2. LZ2: low (residential)
3. LZ3: medium (commercial, industrial and high-density residential)
4. LZ4: high major city centers, entertainment districts)

1. Interior Lighting:
   • stays inside
   • non-emergency lighs shut down at non-business hours
2. Exterior Lighting:
   • provide for comfort and safety only
   • DO NOT exceed 80% of lighting power densities forexterior area and 50% for building facades and landscape features as defined in ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004.
   • DO NOT install lighting more than 2.5 times building heightfrom property line
   • Credit does not apply to 3 story buildings, warehouses, and manufactured homes.

Intention:

1. Minimize light trespass from building and site
2. Reduce sky glow
3. Improve nighttime visibility through glare reduction
4. Reduce development impact on nocturnal environments