Term
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Definition
A single small hard seed
A seed or fruit of a cereal grass |
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Term
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Definition
A small one-seeded dry indehiscent fruit in which the fruit and seed fuse into a single grain
EX: Corn and wheat |
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Term
| What are the 2 main things that caused the diversification of grains? |
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Definition
Mutations
Natural Selection
Other Abilities:
- Shattering
- Vernilization
- Photoperiod response |
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Term
| What 2 things allow a wheat crop to survive over winter? |
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Definition
| Vernilization and photoperiod response |
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Term
| What are Hunter-Gatherers? |
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Definition
Foragers
Nomadic society where most food is obtained from wild plants and animals
Different from ag societies, which rely on domesticated species |
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Term
| True or False - Hunter-Gatherers influenced selection |
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Definition
True
Plant populations shifted based on what gatherers collected |
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Term
| Why are Ancient Human Settlements important? |
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Definition
Gradually, humans shifted from hunting to gathering and storing
Gathered more in the warm seasons
Items included wild emmer wheat, olives and wild nuts (almonds, pistachios) |
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Term
| Why were grain and nuts attractive for gatherers? |
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Definition
Big starchy seeds
Easy to store
Easy to reach
Grains matured in the spring, nuts ready to harvest in fall |
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Term
| What is the fertile crescent? |
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Definition
| Shows evidence of where agriculture began |
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Term
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
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Definition
Agricultural Revolution
Wide-scale transition from hunter-gatherers to agriculture and settlements
This allowed a larger population to be supported |
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Term
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Definition
A population of living organisms is changed at the genetic level through generations of selective breeding
Taming = behavioural changes |
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Term
| What are the factors that forced evolution? |
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Definition
Genetic variations (mutation and ploidy level)
Natural selection (force of environment imposed on plant populations to survive) |
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Term
| What are the forcing factors behind domestication? |
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Definition
Genetic variation
Artificial selection
Migration |
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Term
| What is the Harber Bosch process? |
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Definition
Invention of nitrogen fertilizer (NPK)
Influenced grain by production. Too much N caused plants to get too tall and lodge |
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Term
| What is the Green Revolution? |
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Definition
Norman Borlaug
Research and development initiatives between 1940-60's that increased agricultural production worldwide
Major factors: height reducing genes and disease resistence
See that harvested area hasn't changed, but harvested quantity has |
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