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lecture test one
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35
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
09/07/2010

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define Physiology
Definition
The study of the functions of the body and its structures
Term
How is physiology usually studied?
Definition
studied in divisions(systemic),
Term
list what levels of the body physiology is studied
Definition

Chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue,

organ, organ system,organismal

Term
list and describe the body's survival needs
Definition

nutrients(carbs,prot.,lipids,nuc acids)

oxygen

water

body temp(98.6,37)

atmospheric pressure

 

Term
list the necessary life functions
Definition

maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, growth,reproduction 

 

 

 

 

 

Term

what is homeostasis and list the three

components of controlloing it

Definition

homeostasis means wisdom of the body

receptor

control center

effector

Term

what are the two types of

feed back systems, explain

Definition

neg( output from effector decreases

intensity, thermostat)

positive (response from the effector

increases intensity, childbirth)

Term
define matter
Definition
anything that takes up space
Term
what are the three types of matter
Definition

solid(defined shape and volume)

liquid(has volume no constant shape)

gas(will expand ind can measure in cont.)

Term
what are the two types of energy?
Definition

kinetic(energy of motion)

potential(stored energy)

Term
what are the four forms of energy?
Definition

chemical(associated with elements,

energy is in the bonds)

electrical(the movement og charged particles)

mechanical(physical movement)

radiant, or electromagnetic(waves, light energy)

Term
what are the major elements found in the body
Definition

oxygen65%

carbon18%

hydrogen10%

nitrogen3%

trace elements<2%

Term

what is the difference between a molecule

and a compound?

Definition

molecule- two or more atoms bonded together

compound- two or more different

atoms bonded together

ex. h2 molecule, h20 molecule and compound

Term
what are the three types of  bonds?
Definition

covalent-electrons are shared

ionic-complete electron transfer

hydrogen-partial charges associated

with hydrogen atoms

Term
where would you find hydrogen bonds?
Definition
between two strands forming dna, between water molecules, within a protien to maintain three dimensional shape.
Term

what unique properties does hydrogen

bonding give to water?

Definition

surface tension and temperature

 stabilization

Term
describe solute and solvent
Definition

solute- substance that are disolved in solution

solvent- substance preent in the greatest

quantity of a solution and is usually liquid

 

Term
what are the three types of mixtures?
Definition

solutions-homogenous, wont sttlenor scatter light

suspension heterogeneous , will settle

colloid, emulsions- heterogeneous,dont settle will scatter light, undergo sol gel transformation

Term
how much is a mole?
Definition
6.02x1023 atoms of a substance
Term
name the importan properties of water
Definition

a) polar

b)high heat of capacity due to h

bonds can absorb heat

c)high heat of vaporization

d)cohesion surface tension

e)reactivity allows for hydrolysis and

dehydration reactions to occur

Term
list how chemicals can react
Definition

synthesis(combination)-forms bonds between

two reactants also anabolic

decomposition-breaks bonds catabolic

displacement(exchange)-both synthesis and decomposition broken down and rearranged

Term
oxidation-reduction reaction
Definition

leo ger

lose electron oxidized

gain electon reduced

Term

what factors effect the rate in

which reactions occur?

Definition

temp- higher increases untill denature then shuts down

concentration- more likely to contact each other

particle size- smaller molecules move

 faster to find each other

catalyst- enzymes

Term
define ph
Definition

the number of h+ ion concentration

in a solution

Term
what makes thing more acidic
Definition
the more h+ the more acidic
Term
define acid and base
Definition

acid-chemical that donates a h+

base- chemical that absorbs a h+

buffers-week acids or bases that can

 donate or remove h+ so that large

 fluctuations of ph dont happen

Term
what is the purpose of carbs?
Definition

primarily a fuel source,also found on dna or

on surface of cell for signaling

 

Term
list the different monomers and polymers of carbohydrates in the body
Definition

monomers are simple carbs monosacharids

 fructose glucose

polymers are monomers linke together two are disacharrides sucrose three or more are polysacharides glycogen and cellulose

Term
what is the purpose of lipids
Definition

energy storage

insulation

structure

hormones(steroids from cholesterol)

Term
what are the three types of lipids found in the body?
Definition
triglycerides, ohospholipids, steroids
Term
describe saturated lipids
Definition
saturated means that all of the bonds on the fatty acid are single monounsaturated would have one double bond polyunsaturated means that two or more are double (liquid at room temp
Term
what is the structure of a phospholipid?
Definition

polar hydrophilic head and

two nonpolar hydrophobic tails

Term
what are the four levels of protein structure?
Definition

primary-linear chain

secondary-one fold alpha helix or beta pleat

tertiary secondary folded on itself into globular

quaternary two or more tertiarys chemical bonded

 

Term

what are the building blocks of nucleic acids

 

Definition
nucleotides made of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. adenine thymine guanin cytosine
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