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Definition
| Transmission of traits from on generation to the next. |
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Definition
Sections of DNA that are units of inheritance.
- The location of the gene on the chromosome. |
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| what do you call reproductive cells |
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Definition
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Definition
| A gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome |
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Definition
| a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring |
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| two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from two parents |
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Definition
| any cell other than those involved in gamete formation - has 46 chromosomes |
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Definition
| A display of metaphase chromosomes in which homologues are paired together and photographed |
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Definition
| two chromosomes compassing a pair have the same length centromere positions and staining patters |
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Definition
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Definition
| Chromosomes not involved in sex determination although they may carry genes for secondary sexual characteristic |
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Definition
| any cell with two chromosomes |
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Definition
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Definition
| haploid sperm from the dad and a haploid egg from the mom fusses together. this union of gametes, culminating in fusion of their nuclei . |
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Definition
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Definition
| multicellular diploid stage |
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Definition
| meiosis in the sporophyte produces haploid cells |
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Definition
| two copies of one chromosome |
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Term
| character characteristics |
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Definition
| a heritable feature that varies among individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
- The unit of DNA along a chromosome that codes for a single characteristic (Mendelian definition) or the unit of DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide
(molecular definition). |
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Definition
| - Different forms of the same gene. |
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Definition
| The actual genetic make up of an individual. |
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Definition
| The actual expression of a characteristic. |
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Definition
| An expression that is always expressed if its allele is present in the genotype. |
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Definition
| An expression that is expressed only when its allele is the only form of the gene present in the genotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition in which both forms of the gene are the same, ie. AA or aa. |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition in which the two expressions of a gene pair are different, ie. Aa |
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Definition
| Chromosomes involved in sex determination. In man these are the X and Y chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
A display of metaphase chromosomes
in which homologues are paired together and
photographed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Variations of a character such as white or purple flowers |
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Term
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Definition
| In plants means, when plants self pollinate, the offspring are like the parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mating of individuals with different expressions of a character. |
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Definition
| states that the members of a gene pair separate during gamete formation meaning that each gamete receives only one gene from each pair during meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| states that the members of one pair of homologous chromosomes segregate independent of all other homologous pair during gamete formation. |
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Term
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Definition
A cross between an individual expressing
a dominant phenotype with an individual
expressing the recessive expression of the same
character. The cross is done to determine if the
dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous |
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Term
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Definition
The probability that independent events
will occur simultaneously is the product of
their individual probabilities.
EX. The probability of giving birth to a
daughter is 1/2 at any one birth. |
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Term
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Definition
The probability of an event that can occur in two
or more ways is the sum of the separate probabilities
of the different ways.
EX. Parents are both heterozygous for a given
characteristic "Aa".
What is the probability of their having a child that is
also "Aa"? The probability of the "A" allele being
in the egg and "a" in the sperm is 1/2 X 1/2 = 1/4.
The probability of the "a" allele being in the egg
and the "A" in the sperm is 1/2 X 1/2 = 1/4.
Thus the probability of an "Aa" child is 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2. |
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Term
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Definition
Neither allele is dominant to the other, thus each is
expressed in the heterozygous genotype producing
an intermediate phenotype.
EX. Red (RR) and White (R’R’) snapdragons
produce pink (RR’). |
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Term
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Definition
Inheritance characterized by full expression
of both alleles in the heterozygote. Ex. Short Horn
Cattle. Red (RR), Roan (RR’), White (R’R’) |
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Term
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Definition
In this type of inheritance there are more than two
alleles for the same characteristic in the general
population, although any one individual only has
two genes for the characteristic.
EX. ABO blood group.
This characteristic shows multiple allele inheritance,
dominant/recessive and codominance. |
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Term
Genotype vs. Phenotype
multiple alleles (blood type) |
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Definition
Genotype vs. Phenotype
IAIA or IAi Type A
IBIB or IBi Type B
IAIB Type AB
ii Type O |
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Term
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Definition
The ability of a single gene pair to have
multiple effects. EX. Gene for Sickle-cell Anemia. |
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Term
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Definition
A condition in which one gene pair has
the ability to mask or prevent the expression of
another gene pair. EX. Coat color and pigment
deposition in mice. |
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Term
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Definition
A characteristic that is
determined by the quantitative effect of multiple pair of genes. |
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Term
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Definition
Family history for a particular trait.
Shows the relationship of parents to children
over many generations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lethal genetic disorder, homozygous recessive characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| Lethal disorder, recessive for a gene that regulates the breakdown of a class of lipids in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recessive gene for hemoglobin. Heterozygous individuals are usually normal, but homozygous sickle cell individuals show severe symptoms. The gene shows pleiotropy |
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Term
DOMINANT DISORDER
Achondroplasia |
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Definition
- Heterozygous individuals show a type of dwarfism. Homozygous dominant
individuals die. Homozygous recessive individuals
are normal. |
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Term
DOMINANT DISORDER
Huntington’s Disorder |
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Definition
| A lethal degenerative disease of the nervous system. The gene usually becomes active around age 35 to 45. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Refers to genes located on the same
chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
in man involves genes
located on the X chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| the continuous and prolific production of mature sperm cells in the testis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| If there is a loss of or addition of one or more chromosomes and the total number present is slightly different than the typical diploid number for that species the condition is. |
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Term
| independent assortment of homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
| each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of the other pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| Results in gametes that have either an extra or missing chromosome |
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