Term
| laboratory tests that can be used to assess a hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
| Bone marrow, peripheral blood, bilirubin levels and haptoglobin/hemoplexin levels |
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Term
| expected results of Bone marrow test |
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Definition
| expected result will show erythroid hyperplasia, decreased amount of fat and decreases myeloid: erythroid ratio |
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Term
| expected results of peripheral blood smear |
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Definition
| - expected results will show reticulcytosis, increased IRF, marked Polychromasia, nRBCS (indicative of bone marrow compensation), RPI > 2 (this differentiates from other anemias), increased MCV, and poikilocytes |
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Term
| expected results of bilirubin levels |
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Definition
| expected results are increased in unconjugated/indirect bilirubin, and normal levels of conjugated/direct bilirubin- this tells us that the defect is in the blood but not in the liver |
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Term
| Expected results of Haptoglobin/Hemopexin levels |
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Definition
| expected results are decreased (when all of the Haptoglobin in consumed, the hemoglobin binds to hemoplexin next) |
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Term
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Definition
| lysis of the red blood cells |
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Term
| Laboratory results in intravascular hemolysis |
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Definition
| hemoglobinemia (free hemoglobin in blood), hemoglobinuria (free hemoglobin in urine), hemosiderinuria (hemosiderin in urine) and methmoglobinemia (free hemoglobin oxidized), decreased Haptoglobin and hemoplexin (too much hemoglobin to complex with either and stores are depleated), increased LD (up to 800 IU/L, intracellular enzyme indicative of cell death) |
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Term
| Laboratory results in extravascular hemolysis |
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Definition
| increase in expired CO ( heme breakdown produces CO), increased Carboxyhemoglobin and bilirubin, increased urine and fecal urobilinogen, decreased Haptoglobin and hemoplexin |
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Term
| Clincal findings associated with Hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
| increase in heme catabolism and Erythropoiesis. Signs and symptoms are jaundice, gallstones, dark urine, thinning and widening of bones, skeletal abnormalities, extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenic hypertrophy, pallor, fatigue and cardiac symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormality of the RBC itself due to a defect in membrane, enzymes, or hemoglobin, usually hereditary associated with extravascular hemolysis |
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Term
| example of an intrinsic defect |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antagonist in plasma or soluble factors in environment which is toxic to cell and causes hemolysis. Can be due to physical trauma or immune mediated mechanisms. It is usually acquired and associated with extra or intra vascular hemolysis |
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Term
| Example of an extrinic defect |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical findings of hemolytic anemia (acute) |
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Definition
| jaundice, gallstones and dark urine |
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Term
| Clincal findings of hemolytic anemia (chronic) |
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Definition
| thinning of cortical bone and widening of spaces, skeletal abnormalities, fraxtures, osteoarthropathy, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and splenic hyperthrophy |
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Term
| Process of intravascular hemolysis |
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Definition
| RBCs are destroyed in the blood vessels, they release free hemoglobin into the plasma which is then bound to Haptoglobin (then hemoplexin), transported to the liver and metabolized to bilirubin and then excreted in the bile duct. |
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Term
| Process of extravascular hemolysis |
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Definition
| RBCs are removed by phagocytes in tissues and the hemoglobin is degraded. Causes a degradation of heme and recycling of globin |
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Term
| How to tell extravascular and intravascular apart via lab results |
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Definition
| If there is hemoglobin and hemosiderin in the blood and urine that is indicative of intravascular hemolysis |
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