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| What organism is the ancestor to the animals? |
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| What phylum of animals is the sister taxa to you? |
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| What developmental character accounts for the split of the bilateria into two groups? |
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| Deuterostomes and Protistomes |
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| Who are the oldest animal |
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| How do you compare the ctenophorans in terms of evolutionary age? |
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| We are newer and more complex organisms. Ctenophorans are old in terms of evolution |
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| Five to examples of "data" that may be used to generate a phylogenetic tree |
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| morphological; behavioral |
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| What comes first, the classifying of a group of organisms or the construction of a phylogenetic tree? |
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| Catch prey using tow, long tentacles containing colloblasts cells |
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| Contain skeletons composed of spicules and/or spongin fibers |
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| Excretory system consist of protonephridia |
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| Endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm form during gastrulation |
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| Cephalization of the nervous system |
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| Ciliated larval stage, planula |
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| Porifera; Platyhelminthes |
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| Contain 8 ciliary rows of comb bearing plates |
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| Produce toxic chemicals to deter predators |
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| Organ system level of structural organization |
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| Asexually produce gemmules during time of environmental stress |
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| Simplest animals to posses true nervous tissue |
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| Commonly referred to as sea walnuts |
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| Exhibit only a cell level of structural organization |
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| Capable of bioluminescence |
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| Commonly referred to as flatworms |
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| Place the early developmental events in their proper order of occurrence |
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| gamete formation -> fertilization -> cleavage -> gastrulation |
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| The study of diversity in an evolutionary context is called |
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| Formation of the vertebral column and central nervous system occurs during which stage of development? |
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| Rapid, mitotic cell divisions that result in stages like a morula occur during which stage of development? |
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| The establishment of polarity and body axes characterizes which developmental stage? |
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| Epithelia tissue that is several layers thick with rectangular shaped cells is referred to a |
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| pseudostratified columnar |
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| Blood and cartilage is an example of |
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| The basic unit of bone is an |
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| The type of muscle tissue that is responsible for controlling involuntary movements |
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| Of the three cana systems in sponges, which is the most structurally complex, as it includes multiple flagellated chambers? |
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| The numerous small pores in the surface of a sponge that pass incoming water to the body are called __________ and the large opening/pore by which water passes out of the sponge is called an _________. |
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| The deadliest group of cnidarians are those that belong in the class |
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| Class of cnidarians that includes the largest jellies characterized by a cupe shaped medusa |
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| Sense organs found in cnidarians and flatworms that help the animal to maintain equilibrium are called |
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| Sense organs found in cnidarians that help the animal to determine water current direction are called |
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| All species are parasitic, usually an ectoparasite on gills of fishes, one-host life cycle: all are characteristics of which class of Platyhelminthes? |
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| The beef tapeworm, is found in intestine, and can be acquired by ingesting undercooked beef |
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| Tapeworms consist of an anterior region, called a scolex, followed by a chain of repeating units called ________. The repeating unites mature as one moves _________ the scolex. |
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| The human liver fluke, is found in the bile ducts of the liver, and ca cause cirrhosis |
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| When a relationship between two organisms benefits one organism and the other gains nothing, the relationships is termed |
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| When a relationship between two organisms benefits one organism and the other is harmed, the relationship is termed |
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| Heterotrophic vs. Autotrophic |
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| Cardiac vs. Skeletal muscle |
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| Holoblastic vs. Meroblastic cleavage |
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| Epithelia tissue is diverse in terms of its distribution within the human body and the many functions it may have. Give two locations of epithelia tissue in the human body. Give two functions of epithelial tissue |
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| Compare the feeding behavior of a sponge (Porifera), a jellyfish (cnidaria), and a planarian (Platyhelminthes) and a tapeworm (Platyhelminthes) |
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| Diagram the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax, the causative agent of human malaria |
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| Blooms of dinoflagellates result in "Red Tides". This phenomenon is common during the warmer moths of the year. If you are not careful, you could end up with shellfish poisoning. Explain |
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| How do poor economic conditions facilitate the maintenance and transmission of the digenetic trematode, Schistosoma mansoni |
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| Protozoans are highly motile group of organisms. What three structures are most often used for motility? |
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| What happens to reef systems when corals lose their symbiotic algae (zooanthellae)? |
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