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Lecture 9: Personality Judgment in Daily LIfe
Part of Exam 2 study material
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/25/2012

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Term
Judgments and Accuracy
Definition
the assessments we make of others in daily lives are more important than any assessment a psychologist can make
Term
Reputations
Definition

Only clue to trust. 

Can greatly effect opportunities and expectancies.

Term
Opportunities
Definition

Selection

Evocation

Traits

Term

1. Selection:

2. Evocations

3. Traits

Definition

1. something about your personality brings you to situations

2. something about you brings out a response from your environment (ex, infectious laughter)

3. can lead to situations (selection) that alter reputations (evocation)

Term
Expectancies
Definition
aka self-fulfilling prophecies, happens both in intellectual and social domains
Term
If someone expects you to act a certain way, this can lead to...
Definition
you acting IN that particular way!
Term
Intellectual Domain: Rosenthal & Jacobsen (1968)
Definition
gave kids intelligence test, told teachers ( falsely) that some kids (randcom) were "bloomers"
--end of the year: "bloomers" had increased IQ 10+ points
Term
4 Factor Theory
Definition
Climate: project more warmth to "bloomers"
Feedback: varies depending on correct/incorrect response
Input: teach "bloomers" more things and challenge them
Output: give "bloomers" more opportunities to show what they have learned
Term
Social Domain: Snyder, Tanke & Berscheid (1977)
Definition
Male and females talk on phone, false photo shown to male, attractive and not attractive.
Term
Results
Definition
female CONFORMED to male expectancies
--our behavior around others might be the result of how they EXPECT us to behave
Term
Do Expectancies matter in real life?
Definition
they might just magnify slightly or maintain behavioral tendencies, but do happen in real life
Term
What is: reality as a concrete entity does not exist, it is a socially constructed thing in our head ?
Definition
Constructivism
Term
Counter to Constructivism
Definition
Critical Realism
Term
Critical Realism
Definition
even though there is no way to determine the absolute truth, not all arguments are equally good
Term
Solution to differences:
Definition
Convergent Validation: do all the judges agree? can the judgments predict behavior?
Term
Does your face say anything about your personality?
Definition
People things so but most psychologists disagree
Term
Facial Composites (Penton-Voak, 06)
Definition
People could accurately judge high and low on extroversion and agreeableness in both men and women of the top and bottom 10 percent of scorers on the big five-- the average composites
Term
CONT.
Definition
also accurately judged men high and low on conscientiousness but not women
Term
Moderators of Accuracy
-A Moderator:
Definition
something that modifies the existing relationship between two things, it can amplify or decrease the effect of something on another thing
Term
4 Moderators of Accuracy
Definition
How good is the judge?
How good is the target?
How good is the trait?
How good is the information?
Term
Who is the best judge?
Definition
highly intelligent and conscientious people (but tend to be good and nearly everything)
Term
The "good" judge is interested in what?
Definition
in developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships
Term
The good (easy) target?
Definition
someone you can read like a book, stable and consistent across situations
Term
The Good trait? Easiest to spot? Hardest to spot?
Definition
Extraversion.
Neuroticism.
Term
Good Information?
Definition
quantity helps, more info leads to more accurate assessments
QUALITY helps even more: the better acquainted the person is with the subject the better the info they will give
Term
Gosling (2002)
Definition
Work place and the bedroom
had strangers assess them based on one in one study and the other in another using the big 5 traits
Term
Work space
Definition
strongest consensus for conscientiousness and extraversion, as well as openness
Term
Bedroom
Definition
Extraversion: not as easy to tell
Neuroticism easier
Term
Renfrow & Gosling (2003) People with certain traits like certain kids of music?
Definition
openness: reflective/complex music also slightly with intense/rebellious

extraversion & agreeableness: upbeat/conventional, slightly with energetic/rhythmic

Conscientiousness & neuroticism: not strongly associated with any type
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