Term
| A damage spinal cord disrupts communication between what and what? |
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Definition
| The central nervous system and the rest of the body |
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Term
| The use of what drug may reduce damage to the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| The three things the nervous system does |
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Definition
| Obtains sensory information, processes sensory information, sends out appropriate commands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| central nervous system is made out of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The peripheral nervous system consists of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bundles of fibers of sensory and motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of cell bodies of the neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduct signals from sensory receptors to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Integrate information & Send it to motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| convey signals to effector cells |
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Term
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Definition
an autonomic response that does not
involve the brain but has all three components because it
involves the spinal cord part of the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| functional units of nervous systems |
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Term
| Cells specialized for carrying signals |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A cell body, dendrites and axons |
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Term
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Definition
| Enclose axons, form cellular insulation, speed up signal transmission |
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Term
| Signal directions goes from what to what in a neuron? |
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Definition
| Dendrites to cell body to axon to schwann cells to synaptic terminals |
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Term
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Definition
| Schwann cells wrapped in myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Potential energy exists in a neuron where and what is it called? |
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Definition
| Membrane; Membrane potential |
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Term
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Definition
| voltage across the plasma membrane |
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Term
| Short term control versus long term control |
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Definition
| nervous system versus endocrine system |
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Term
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Definition
| People who don't have myelin shealth or body's immune response attacks a person's central nervous system |
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Term
| Inside the cell & outside the cell |
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Definition
K+ (high) - inside; Na+ (high) - outside
K+ (low) - outside; Na+ (low) - inside |
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Term
| Kinetic energy versus Potential energy |
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Definition
| movement versus static state |
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Term
| How do neurons fire faster? |
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Definition
| Shove positive charges around |
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Term
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Definition
Alters the permeability of a section of membrane
Allows ions to pass through
Changes the membrane’s voltage |
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Term
| What is an action potential? |
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Definition
| A nerve signal; resting potential -> max charge -> back to resting potential |
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Term
| How is an action potential triggered? |
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Definition
| Triggered when a stimulus opens some Na+ channels and the threshold is reached |
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Term
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Definition
| self-propagated in a one-way chain reaction along a neuron & all-or-none events |
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Term
| How do neurons communicate? |
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Definition
| at synapses via electrical or chemical means (neurotransmitters); - chemical synapses make complex information processes possible |
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Term
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Definition
junctions where signals are transmitted
between Two neurons Or between neurons and effector cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Between the pre- and postsynaptic cells is a gap about 20 nm wide |
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Term
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Definition
| endogenous chemicals which relay, amplify, and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter; In the brain or Between neurons and muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
Important in the CNS; Serotonin and dopamine affect sleep, mood,
attention |
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Term
| Caffeine, Nicotine, Alcohol |
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Definition
| psychoactive drugs that act at synapses and affect neurotransmitter action |
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Term
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Definition
| Nervous system arranged in a weblike system of neurons |
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Term
| bilaterally symmetrical animals exhibit |
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Definition
Centralization — presence of a central nervous system; Cephalization — concentration of the nervous system in
the head region |
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Term
| Two functional components of the PNS |
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Definition
| Somatic nervous system — mostly voluntary; Autonomic nervous system (ANS) — mostly involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries signals to and from skeletal muscles; Mainly in response to external stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
Regulates the internal environment;
Controls: Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Organs of various body systems |
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Term
| Parasympathetic division of ANS |
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Definition
Primes the body for activities that gain and conserve energy
for the body |
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Term
| Sympathetic division of ANS |
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Definition
| Prepares the body for intense, energy-consuming activities |
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Term
| brain consists of ___ parts and they are... |
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Definition
| 3 parts: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
hindbrain, thalamus, and
hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduct information to and from higher brain centers; Regulate homeostatic functions; Keep track of body position; Sort sensory information |
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Term
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Definition
| "Bridge" between left and right hemisphere of brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest and most complex part of the brain; Most integrative power is in the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| About 5 mm thick; Accounts for 80% of brain mass; Centers for vision, hearing, taste, and smell / Somatosensory cortex |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| taste, speech, association, reading |
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Term
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Definition
| smell, hearing, auditory association |
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Term
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Definition
| vision and visual association |
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Term
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Definition
severe mental disturbance; Characterized by psychotic episodes in which patients
lose the ability to distinguish reality |
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Term
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Definition
| Major depression or Bipolar disorder — manic-depressive disorder |
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Term
| Treatments for depression |
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Definition
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by Confusion, memory loss; no cure available |
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Term
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Definition
| motor disorder, Slowness of movement, Rigidity, Difficulty in initiating movements |
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Term
| Medications for Parkinson's disease |
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Definition
| Vary but include increasing dopamine levels |
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