Term
Which monocyte-specific chemokines are secreted by each of the following to promote extravasation?
Endothelial Cells
Neutrophils
Tissue Macrophages |
|
Definition
Endothelial Cells: CCL2-CCR2
Neutrophils: CCL4-CCR1
Macrophages: CCL7-CCR2 |
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Term
| What are the chemotactic agents secreted by neutrophils which facilitate monocyte extravation? |
|
Definition
B-defensins
Chemerin
TNF-alpha |
|
|
Term
| What are the adhesion molecules involved with macrophage margination & adhesion? |
|
Definition
1. Tethering
-endothelial P-selectin & monocyte PSGL-1
2. Margination / Rolling
-Endo E-selection & monocyte L-selectin
3. Adhesion
-endo ICAM 1&2, endo VCAM, monocyte LFA 1 & Mac-1 |
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|
Term
| What macrophage receptors phagocytize particles opsonized by C3 breakdown products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What receptor do cattle & sheep macrophages have that is unique? What does it bind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What macrophage receptor internalizes transferren that has sequestered iron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What macrophage receptors recognize multivalent immune complexes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What macrophage receptor recognizes single IgG-Ag complexes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme do M1 inflammatory macrophages produce? What does it do? |
|
Definition
iNOS2
Uses NADPH & O2 to convert L-Arg to NO & citrulline |
|
|
Term
| What interleukins are secreted by M1 macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anti-inflammatory molecules are produced by M2 macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do M2 macrophages avoid production of NO? |
|
Definition
| Use arginase to convert L-arginine to ornithine and the citrulline |
|
|
Term
| Which macrophage sub-population is important in wound healing & parasitic infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presence of IFNY is likely to result in expression of which type of macrophage, M1 or M2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which signals would result in differentiation of M2 macrophages rather than M1? (5) |
|
Definition
IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGFB
glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| How do mycobacterium bovis & Brucella suis promote their own survival within the host? |
|
Definition
| suppress M1 & promote M2 differentiation |
|
|
Term
| _____ macrophages are associated with persistent bacterial infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H. pylori has the capacity to.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cytokines secreted by macrophages stimulate the acute-phase response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cytokines secreted by macrophages direct the acquired immune response? |
|
Definition
Th1
Th2
Th17
Regulatory T cells |
|
|
Term
| M1 macrophages secrete _____ which activates NK cells to secrete ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ from NK cells activates macrophages to a higher level & induces _____ transcription |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are particles removed from the skin of mammals? |
|
Definition
| Langerhans cells phagocytize the particles then travel to the draining lymph nodes where they interact with T cells & act as APCs |
|
|
Term
| How are particles removed from the skin of fish/birds? |
|
Definition
| Langerhans cells drain into lymph nodules or enter circulation & interact with T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues |
|
|
Term
| How are ingested particles removed from the digestive tract by macrophages? |
|
Definition
M cells sample particles from intestine
-pass particle to macrophages
-travel to Peyers patches or mesenteric lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Particles from the lungs <5um are phagocytized by.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species remove pathogens from circulation via the capillary endothelium of the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do humans, rabbits & mice remove pathogens from circulation? What are the steps involved? |
|
Definition
Kupffer cells & splenic macrophages
1. Kupffer cells trap pathogen, attract neutrophils to phagocytise it
2.Kupffer cells phagocytize the dying neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| Which opsonins/receptors do Kupffer cells rely on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which opsonins/receptors do splenic macrophages rely on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which macrophage receptor type are high-affinity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme secreted by macrophages promotes fibroblast growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which macrophage secretion inhibits elastase activity? |
|
Definition
| serine protease inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Which macrophage secretion promotes fibroblast division & deposition of fibronectin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when granulomas consolidate into multinucleated giant cells? |
|
Definition
| M2 macrophages secrete TGF-B and IL-1B continuously, leading to persistent fibrosis & angiogenesis and reduced organ function |
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