Term
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS
COMPLEX I |
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Definition
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS
COMPLEX II |
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Definition
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS
COMPLEX III |
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Definition
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS
COMPLEX IV |
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Definition
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Term
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS
COMPLEX V |
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Definition
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Term
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
CHEMICAL UNCOUPLERS |
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Definition
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Term
PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE
PYRUVATE |
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Definition
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Term
PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE
ACETYL COA |
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Definition
| PHE, ISO, THR, TYR, LYS, LEU |
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Term
PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE
ALPHA- KETOGLUTERATE |
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Definition
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Term
PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE
SUCCINYL COA |
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Definition
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Term
PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE
FUMERATE |
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Definition
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Term
PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE
OXALOACETATE |
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ASPARTIC ACID
GLUTAMIC ACID |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| AMINO ACIDS THAT MAKE DISULFIDE BONDS |
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Definition
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Term
| AMINO ACIDS WITH O-BONDS: |
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Definition
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Term
AMINO ACIDS WITH N-BONDS
EXTRA NH2 |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
PHENYLALANINE
TYROSINE
TRPTOPHAN |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| GLUCOGENIC & KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS: |
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Definition
PHE
ISOLEUCINE
THREONINE
TRYPTOPHAN |
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Term
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Definition
HIS(HISTIDINE)
ARG(ARGINIE)
GLU(GLTAMIC ACID)
ASP(ASPARTIC ACID)
GLN(GLUTAMINE)
ASN(ASPARAGINE)
TYR(TYROSINE)
CYS(CYSTEINE)
PRO(PROLINE)
MET(METHIOINE)
VAL(VALINE)
ALA(ALANINE)
GLY(GLYCINE) |
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Term
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Definition
PVT TIM HALL
PHE
VAL
THR
TRP
ISO
MET
HIS
ARG
LEU
LYS |
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Term
IF THERE IS A DEFICIENCY IN
PHE WHAT BECOMES ESSENTIAL |
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Definition
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Term
| IF THERE IS A DEFICIENCY IN METHIONINE THEN WHAT BECOMES ESSENTIAL |
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Definition
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
CUT TO THE RIGHT OF TRYPSIN |
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Definition
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
CUT TO THE RIGHT OF CHYMOTRYPSIN |
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Definition
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
CUT TO THE RIGHT OF ELASTASE |
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Definition
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
CUT TO THE RIGHT OF
MERCAPTOETHANOL |
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Definition
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
CUT TO THE RIGHT OF
AMINPEPTIDASE |
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Definition
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
CUT TO THE RIGHT OF
CARBOXYPEPTIDASE |
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Definition
| LEFT OF CARBOXYL TERMINUS |
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
CUT TO THE RIGHT OF
CYANOBROMIDE |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| SYMPATHETIC, CATABOLIC, CRH |
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Term
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Definition
| PARASYMPATHETIC, ANABOLIC |
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Term
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Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION BY HORMONE AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS
ALL HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES (EXCEPT CRH) |
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Term
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Definition
| SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION BY DISTENSION |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| INSULIN AND ALL GROWTH FACTORS |
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Term
RESTRICTION ENZYME
TRYPSIN |
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Definition
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Definition
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| LEFT OF CARBOXYL TERMINUS |
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Definition
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Definition
CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF
ARG
LYS |
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Term
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Definition
CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF
PHE
TYR
TRP |
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Term
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Definition
CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF
GLY
SER
ALA |
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Term
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Definition
RESTRICTION ENZYME CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF
MET
CYS |
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Term
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Definition
CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF
AMINO TERMINUS |
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Term
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Definition
CUTS TO THE LEFT OF
CARBOXYL TERMINUS |
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Definition
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Term
2ND MESSENGER
SYMPATHETIC, CATABOLIC, CRH |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
SMOOTH MUSSCLE CONTRACTION BY HORM./NT
ALL HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES (EXCEPT CRH) |
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Definition
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Term
| SMOOTH MUSCLE COTRACTION BY DISTENSION |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| NITRATES, VIAGRA, ANP,LPS |
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Definition
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Term
CO-FACTORS FOR
PYRUVATE DH
ALPHA-KETOGLUTERATE DH
BRANCHED CHAIN DH |
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Definition
TLC FOR NANNA-PLANF-VIT B1-5
TPP (THIAMINE(B1)
LIPOIC ACID (B4)
COA PANTOTHENIC ACID (B5)
FAD (RIBOFLAVIN)(B2)
NAD - NIACIN (B3) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Common with all Amino Acids? |
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Definition
They all have :
Amino and Acid |
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Term
| Define: Dissociate, Soluble, Bioavaiable |
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Definition
Dissocciation: giving up H+
Soluble: charged
Bioavailable: uncharged |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Anode - Pole Anions go to
Cathod - Pole Cations go to |
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Term
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Definition
| Isoelectric point means there is no net charge |
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Term
| What does ketogenic mean? |
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Definition
| Made to or broken down to AcCoA ( |
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Term
For each of the following give the Amino/Imino Acid.
Smallest aa |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Which amino acids are used to make cystein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Four Hormones with Disulfide bonds. |
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Definition
Prolactin
Insulin
GH
Inhibib |
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Term
| Newborn screening disease |
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Definition
PKU
CAH
Biotinidase
Growth Hormone
Hypothyroidism
Galactosemia
Sickle cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenylalanine Hydroxylase |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of PKU |
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Definition
Musky Odor
MR
Fair Skin
Blue Eyes
Blonde Hair |
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Term
| Amino Acids Deficient in PKU |
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Definition
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Term
| What Substances Build up? |
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Definition
Phenyl pyruvate
Phenyl Acetate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What products have aspartame |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nephron Transport Protein |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cystein
Ornathine
Lysine
Arginine
COLA |
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Term
| What crystals are seen in Cystein Urea |
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Definition
Coffin Lid
Envelope Shaped |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What determines amino acid primary structure |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary factor to determine tertiary structure of protein? |
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Definition
| Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic interactions |
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Term
| What are the three characteristic of peptide bonds? |
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Definition
planar-flat
limited rotation
trans configuration |
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Term
| What is characteristic of amino acid quarternary structure? |
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Definition
| Allosterism (Co-operativity) |
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Term
| For Enzymes define Km, and Vmax |
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Definition
Km=Potency
Vmax=efficacy
Km= 1/2 Vmax
Km=1/Affinity |
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Term
| From what are pophyrin rings made? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rate limiting enzymes in heme synthesis? |
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Definition
Delta-Amiolevulonic acid
D-ALA |
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Term
| What are the structures of Hb A, A2, and F? |
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Definition
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Term
| In What percentage does each exist in the body? |
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Definition
A- 98%
A2-<2%
F-child <6 months |
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Term
| Enzymes inhibited by lead in heme synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzymes adds iron to porphyrin rings? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Number of Heme sites in 1g Heme |
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Definition
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Term
| Grams of iron in 1 unit of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute intermittent porphyria |
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Definition
| recurrent, severe, acute abdominal pain and neuropathis |
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Term
| Clues for porphyria cutania tarda |
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Definition
blisters with light
onset >5yrs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the defect in all thalasemias? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define Thalassemia minor/major |
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Definition
Minor- 1 gene left
Major- no genes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Active - symptomatic
not active- Asymptomatic
Hb Bart- Beta Tetramer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(+/-) SxS
Ok until 4-6 months |
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Term
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Definition
Always symptomatic
Transfused dependent
Only Hb A2 and F
Cooley's anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Big Skull
Hepatomegaly
Big Sternum
Big Pelvis |
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Term
| 9 causes of right shift of oxygen-Hb curve? |
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Definition
Hypoxia
Increased Lactic acid
Increase 2,3 DPG
Increase H
Increase temperature
Increase Altitude
Increase Exercise
Decrease PH
Increase PCO2 |
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Term
| Release from the muscle cells during Rhabdomyolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Competitive Inhibitor
Binds 200x stronger than oxygen
SaO2 is High
PO2 is low |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Non-competitive Inhibitor
PO2 is normal
SaO2 is low |
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Term
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Definition
| Sodium Nitroprusside used in Hypertensive Crisis |
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Term
| Treatment for CN poisoning |
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Definition
Amylnitrate- Fe2+->Fe3+
Thiosulfate->Thiocyanate
Methylene Blue Fe3+->Fe2+ |
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Term
| Treatment for Methemoglobulinemia |
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Definition
Methylene Blue
Ascorbic Acid |
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Term
| What causes primary methemoglobinemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes secondary Methemoglobinemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the PO2 and SaO2 for Methemoglobinemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Effect of acid hydrolysis on protein? |
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Definition
Denatures proteins
changes ASN ->ASP
Change Glutamate to Aspartic Acid and Glutamic acid |
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Term
| How does gel electrophoresis work? |
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Definition
Separates by size
Separates by charge |
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Term
| Trypsin cuts to the right of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(Carboxy terminal ) B only
that cuts to the left
Mercaptoethanol (dissoloves disulfide bonds) |
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Term
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Definition
I- S - Skin
II - C- Connective Tissue
III- A - Arteries
IV- B- Basement membrane |
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Term
| What protein is defective in Marfans? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Wingspan>Height
Arachnodactyly
Lense dislocates from the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does Homocystein work? |
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Definition
INH lysine hydroxylase and therefore
INH collagen synthesis |
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Term
| Clues for Homocysteinuria |
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Definition
| Dislocates lense from the top |
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Term
| What is the defect in scurvey? |
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Definition
| Vit C is needed to hydroxylase Lys and Proline in Collagen Synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Gingival Bleeding
Perifolicular Heamorrahge |
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Term
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Definition
Obliterative endarteritis
Tree barking
Shooting lacinating pain |
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Term
| Clues for congenital syphilis |
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Definition
anterior bowing of legs
snuffles
Huthinson teeth |
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Term
| Defect in Minky Kinky hair disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clues for Minky Kinky hair disease? |
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Definition
Hair cuts face
Hair looks like copper |
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Term
| Differentiate OI from abuse |
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Definition
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Term
| In what population do you get Takayasu disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only protein modified in the ER? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the amino acids found in Collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Vitamin in needed for Collagen Synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other mineral is required for Collagen> |
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Definition
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Term
| What two A A are hydroxylated in Collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do all proteins begin? |
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Definition
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Term
In what form is Collagen secreted?
What happens after secretion? |
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Definition
| Collagen is secreted from the GOLGI as Tropocollagen and a Cytoplasmic peptidase cleaves off OH |
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Term
| Where do each of the following guide a protein? |
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Definition
Pre-ER
Pro- Golgi
Man-6-phos- Lysosomes
Short amino terminus sequence - mitochondria |
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Term
| Diff b/t elastin and collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives Elastin elasticity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzyme that breaks down Elastin? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 bacteria with Elastase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What provides Tensile Strength? |
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Definition
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Term
| Kinds of bond in Keratin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
FADH2->Complex II
NADH->Complex I |
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Term
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Definition
Stop electron transport
Stop heat generation |
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Term
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Definition
Stop electron transport,
but Heat generation continues |
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Term
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Definition
I:Amytal- Rotonone
II: Malonate
III:Actinomycin D
IV:CN, CO, Chloramphenocol
V:Oligomycin |
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Term
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Definition
DNP:Dinitophenol
ASA:ASpirin
FFA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Types of sugars and AA in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the body phosphorylate things? |
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Definition
| To keep them in the cells |
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Term
| What are the regulatory enzymes in Glycolysis? |
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Definition
Hexokinase
PFK1
Pyruvate Kinase |
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Term
| Glucokinase is found where? |
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Definition
| Liver and Pancreas after a meal |
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Term
| Hexokinase is found where? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7 not requiring insulin to take up glucose |
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Definition
B:Brain
R:RBC
I: Interstine
C:Cornea
K:Kidney
L:Liver
E:Exercising Muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Alpha KG Dehydrogense
Branched chain AA DH |
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Term
| List the B vitamins and names |
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Definition
B1:Thiamine
B2:Riboflavin
B3:Niacin
B4:Lipoic Acid
B5:Pantothenic Acid
B6:Pryladoxamine
B9:Folate
B12:Cyanocobalamine |
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Term
| List Co-factors for B Vitamins |
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Definition
B1-TPP
B2-FAD
B3-NAD
B4-LIPOIC ACID
B5- COA |
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Term
| LIST DEFICIENCIES IN VITAMINS |
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Definition
A-NIGHT BLINDNESS
B1-BERI BERI
B2-ANGULAR CHIELOSIS
B3-PALLAGRA
B4-NONE
B5-NONE
B6-NEUROPATHY
B7-BIOTIN DEF, CARBOXYLATION PROBS
B9-MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
B12-MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA/WITH NEUROPATHY
C-SCURVY
D-OSTEOMALACIA/RICKETS
E-BLOOD PROBLEMS
K-BLEEDING DISORDER |
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Term
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Definition
4 D'S
DERMATITIS
DEMENTIA
DIARRHOEA
DEATH |
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Term
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Definition
HARTNUP DISEASE
AMINO ACID TRANSPORT DEFFICIENCY IN KIDNEY |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAN NOT BE TRANSPORTED IN HARTNUP DISEASE |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
LACTIC ACID
ALANINE
OAA
ACETYL COA
ETHANOL |
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Term
| ENZYMES FOR FIVE FATES OF PYRUVATE |
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Definition
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
ALANINE TRANSFERASE-ALT
PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE
ETHANOL DEHYDROGENASE |
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Term
| VIRAL VS ETHANOL HEPATITIS |
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Definition
VIRAL 1:1 AST/ALT
ALCOHOLIC>2 AST/ALT |
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Term
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Definition
AST IN CYTO AND MITOCHONDRIA
ALT ONLY IN THE CYTOPLASM
VIRUSES->MEMBRANE->1:1
ETHANOL->ALSO MITOCHONDRIA->2:1 |
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Term
| DRUGS CAUSING DISULFURAM REACTION |
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Definition
| DISULFRAM AND METRONIDAZOLE |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| SIGNS OF FLORIDE POISONING? |
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Definition
| PEARLY WHITE TEETH AND BONES |
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Term
| 6 TCA LOCATIONS FOR AA'S: |
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Definition
PYRUVATE
ACETYL COA
ALPHA KETO GLUTERATE
SUCCINYL COA
FUMERATE |
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Term
| TCA ENZYMES CONNECTED TO ETC |
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Definition
SUCCINYL COA
DEHYDROGENASE 2
IT IS CONNECTED AT COMPLEX II |
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Term
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Definition
GLUCOKINASE/HEXOKINASE
GLUCOSE 6 P ISOMERASE
FRUCTOSE 6 P KINASE
ALDOLASE A
GA3P KINASE
1.3 BISPHOSPHOGLUCONATE DH
3PG ISOMERASE
ENOLASE
PYRUVATE KINASE |
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Term
| 4 REGULATORY ENZYMES IN GLUCONEOGENESIS |
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Definition
PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE
PEPCK
FRUCTOSE 1,6 BISPHOSPHATASE
GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATASE |
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Term
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Definition
CINDY IS KINKY SO SHE FORNICATES MORE OFTEN
ACETYL-COA
CITRATE
ISOCITRATE
ALPHA KETO GLUTERATE
SUCCINYL COA
SUCCINATE
FUMERATE
MALATE
OXALOACETATE |
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Term
| INTERMEDIATES IN UREA CYCLE |
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Definition
NH4+CO2+ATP
CARBAMOYL-P+ORNITHINE
CITRULINE+ASP
ARGINOSUCCINATE-FUMERATE
L-ARGININE-FUMERATE
ORNATHINE+UREA |
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Term
| INERMEDIATES IN PENTOSE PATHWAY |
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Definition
GLUCOSE
GLUCOSE 6 P
6 PHOSPHOGLUCONATE
RIBOSE 5 PHOSPHATE |
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Term
| INTERMEDIATES IN FRUCTOSE CATABOLISM |
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Definition
FRUCTOSE
FRUCTOSE 1 PHOSPHATE
BHAP/GLYCEROL |
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Term
| DEFICIENCIES IN FRUCTOSURIA |
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Definition
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Term
| DEFICIENCIES IN FRUCTOSEMIA |
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Definition
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Term
| DEFICIENCIES IN GALACTOSURIA |
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Definition
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|
Term
| DEFICIENCIES IN GALACTOSEMIA |
|
Definition
| GALACTOSE-1-URUDYL-TRANSFERASE |
|
|
Term
| COMPLICATIONS OF FRUCTOSUREA/GALACTOSUREA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
UDP-SINGLE SUGAR
DOLICHOL-MANY SUGARS
BIOTIN-CO2
THF-CH3 FOR NUCLEOTIDE
SAM-CH3 FOR EVERYTHING
CDP-AA
THF-CH3 FOR NUCLEOTIDE
SAM-CH3 FOR EVERYTHING
CDP-AA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GLU->SORBITOL
FRUCTOSE->FRUCTICOL
GALACTOSE->GALACTICOL |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF A CELL MEMBRANE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FAT SOLUBLE AND WATER SOLUBLE |
|
|
Term
WHERE WILL YOU FIND HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES?
HYDROPHILIC? |
|
Definition
HYDROPHOBIC-INSIDE
HYDROPHILIC-OUTSIDE |
|
|
Term
| 3 EXCEPTIONS TO WATER OUT FAT IN RULE |
|
Definition
CHANNELS
PORES
TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
30% FATS
30% PROTEINS
40% CARBS |
|
|
Term
| 7 FUNCTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANES? |
|
Definition
PROVIDE STRUCTURE
TRANSPORT
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
HEAT/TEMP REGULATIONS
MAINTAIN GRADIENT
DEPOLARISATION
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION |
|
|
Term
| MEMBRANE TRANSPORATION IN A CELL IS CALLED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BRINGING SOMETHING INTO THE CELL IS CALLED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BRINGING SOMETHING OUTSIDE THE CELL IS CALLED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BRINGING WATER INTO THE CELL IS CALLED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT TWO THINGS ARE REQUIRED FOR CELLULAR TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE ENDOCYTOSED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE EXOCYTOSED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY CELLS? |
|
Definition
| LIPOFUSION (BROWN PIGMENT) |
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU GET THIS WASTE PRODUCT? WHAT CAUSES? |
|
Definition
| WITH AGE YOU BECOME LESS ABLE TO PUSH LIPOFUSCIN OUT OF THE CELL |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU CONCENTRATE ANY SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT WORK? |
|
Definition
GOING WITH A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
USING ANOTHER SUBSTANCES GRADIENT |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TWO THINGS ARE REQUIRED FOR CELLULAR TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE ENDOCYTOSED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE EXOCYTOSED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY CELLS? |
|
Definition
LIPOFUSCION
(BROWN PIGMENT) |
|
|
Term
HOW DO YOU GET THIS WASTE PRODUCT?
WHAT CAUSES? |
|
Definition
| WITH AGE YOU BECOME LESS ABLE TO PUSH LIPOFUSCION OUT OF THE CELL |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU CONCENTRATE ANY SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT WORK? |
|
Definition
GOING WITH A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
USING ANOTHER SUBSTANCES GRADIENT |
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE USED FOR SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF A SUBSTANCE IN THE SAME DIRECTION?
DIFFERENT DIRECTION? |
|
Definition
SAME DIRECTION: CO-TRANSPORT, SYMPORT
OPPOSITE: ANTIPORT |
|
|
Term
| IS A CELL MEMBRANE MOSTLY FAT OR WATER? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT SUBSTANCES CROSS THE MEMBRANE MORE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT LIMITS CROSSING THE MEMBRANE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS TRUE FOR ALL FAT SOLUBLE/STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS? |
|
Definition
| THEY NEVER HAVE CELLULAR MEMBRANE RECEPTORS BECAUSE THEY READILY CROSS THE MEMBRANES |
|
|
Term
| WHERE ARE THEIR RECEPTORS LOCATED?WHAT IS THE ONE EXCEPTION? HOW DO THEY WORK? |
|
Definition
THEIR RECEPTORS ARE IN THE NUCLEUS
CORTISOL IS AN EXCEPTION, ITS RECEPTORS ARE IN THE CYTOPLASM
THEY STIMULATE THE NUCLEUS TO PERFORM DNA REPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION, AND TRANSLATION INTO PROTEINS BY WHICH THEY MANIFEST THEIR ACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FAT SOLUBLE HORMONE AND ANOTHER? |
|
Definition
| YOU DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THEM BY THE PROTEIN THEY MAKE |
|
|
Term
| FACTORS THAT AFFECT TRANSPORTATION OF WATER SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS OR HORMONES? |
|
Definition
SIZE
CHARGE
PH
SURFACE AREA
MEMBRANE THICKNESS
FLUX
REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT
FICK'S LAW |
|
|
Term
| PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT? |
|
Definition
| REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT IS THE RATIO OF PARTICLES SENT TO PARTICLES RETURNED. THAT IS IF 10 ARE SENT AND 10 RETURN, THE REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT IS 1. IF 10 ARE SENT AND NONE RETURN, REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF 0 OR SOLUBLE. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND FICK'S LAW? |
|
Definition
| RATION OF THINGS THAT PROMOTE CROSSING A MEMBRANE TO THINGS THAT INHIBIT IT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW MEDIUM PARTICLES CROSS MEMBRANES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW LARGER MOLECULES CROSS MEMBRANES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE THREE WAYS HEAT IS REGULATES IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
RADIATION-INTO ENVIRONMENT
CONDUCTION-CONTACT
CONVECTION-ENVIRONMENT MOVES PAST YOU |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF EACH?
HOW BODY GETS RID OF HEAT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE THAT IS TRANSPORTED THROUGHT PORES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH HORMONES HAVE CELL MEMBRANE RECEPTORS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HORMONES HAVE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE RECEPTORS? |
|
Definition
| ALL EXCEPT CORTISOL WHICH HAS A CYTOPLASMIC RECEPTOR |
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES THE CELL MEMBRANE HELP THE BODY MAINTAIN ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT? |
|
Definition
| BY KEEPING THE IONS ON THE CORRECT SIDE OF THE MEMBRANE TO MAINTAIN ELECTRICAL GRADIENT |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON EXTRA CELLULAR CATION/ANION? |
|
Definition
CATION:SODIUM
ANION:CHLORIDE
ANION? |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON INTRA CELLULAR CATION /ANION? |
|
Definition
CATION:POTASSIUM
ANION:PROTEINS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT MEMBRANES OF THE BODY DO NOT DEPOLARISE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH TISSUES ARE THE BEST AT DEPOLARISING? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST COMMON COMPLICATION OF ELECTROCUTION? |
|
Definition
| MC COMPLICATION IS BLEEDING BECAUSE ELECTRICITY CAUSES DAMAGE TO THE ENDOTHELIUM, BUT YOU CAN NOT COMPLETELY CLOT BECAUSE THE ENDOTHELIUM IS DAMAGED |
|
|
Term
| WHAT SUBSTANCES DO LYSOSOMES HAVE A LOT OF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT DO ACID HYDROLASES DO THE PH OF THE LYSOSOMES? |
|
Definition
| CAUSE THE PH TO BE VERY ACIDIC |
|
|
Term
| STRUCTURE THAT IS FORMED WHEN A LYSOSOME PHAGOCYTOSES SOMETHING? |
|
Definition
PHAGOSOME
OR PHAGOLYSOSOME |
|
|
Term
| BACTERIA THAT CAN INHIBIT PHAGOCYTOSIS BY PMN'S? |
|
Definition
| MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS |
|
|
Term
| TB COMPONENT THAT PREVENTS PHAGOCYTOSIS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ION THAT DAMAGESS LYSOSOMAL DAMAGE BY COATING THEIR SURFACE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DAMAGE TO THE LYSOSOMES CAUSE |
|
Definition
| ACID HYDROLASES LEAK OUT AND DAMAGE THE NUCLEUS PARTICULARLY DNASE AND RNASE |
|
|
Term
| WHERE DO ALL SYNTHETIC PROCESSES OCCUR IN THE CELL? |
|
Definition
| IN THE CYTOPLASM (E.G. GLYCOLYSIS, GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS) |
|
|
Term
| WHERE DO ALL CATABOLIC PROCESSES OCCUR IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
(E.G. TCA, GLYCOGENOLYSIS, FATTY ACID BREAK DOWN) |
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEM? |
|
Definition
SODIUM ATPASE
(3 Na+ OUT/ 2K+ IN) |
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEM? |
|
Definition
SODIUM-CALCIUM EXCHANGER
(3Na+OUT, 2Ca2+ IN) |
|
|
Term
TRANSPORT SYSTEM USED TO MAKE THE CELL MORE NEGATIVE?
MORE POSITIVE? |
|
Definition
NEGATIVE?Na-K ATPASE
POSITIVE? Na-Ca EXCHANGER |
|
|
Term
| WHAT DOES A LYSOSOMAL INCLUSION BODY INDICATE? |
|
Definition
| MISSING ENZYME->INABILITY TO DIGEST A SUBSTANCE |
|
|
Term
| SURFACES AT WHICH PROTEINS ENTER AND LEAVE THE GOLGI |
|
Definition
ENTER->CONCAVE SIDE
LEAVE->CONVEX SIDE |
|
|
Term
| WHICH PARENT TRANSMIT MITOCHONDRIAL DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE ONLY IMPORTANT MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT DOES EACH OF THE FOLLOWING POLYMERASES DO IN THE EUKARYOTES? |
|
Definition
1-POLYMERASE ALPHA
2-POLYMERASE BETA
3-POLYMERASE GAMMA
4-POLYMERASE DELTA
5-POLYMERASE EPSILON
1-PRIMASE
2-DNA POLYMERASE I
3-MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
4-DNA POLYMERASE III
5-DNA POLYMERASE III |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE OUTCOME OF ALL CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH MONOSOMY DOES NOT DIE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MAJOR CONCEPT BEHIND ALL MONOSOMIES? |
|
Definition
| IF THEY DO NOT DIE, THINGS WONT GROW |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE UNIQUE FEATURES OF TURNERS? |
|
Definition
WEB NECK-NECK DIDNT GROW SO YOU HAVE EXTRA SKIN
CYSTIC HYGROMA-BRACHIAL POUCHES DIDNT DEVELOP
SHIELD CHEST-WAIST DID NOT GROW
GONADAL STREAKS - OVARIES DID NOT GROW
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA- AORTIC ARCH DIDNT GROW
COARCTATION OF AORTA-AORTIC ARCH DIDNT GROW |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DIFFERENTIAL PULSES
DIFFERENTIAL CYANOSIS
RIB NOTCHING ON X-RAY |
|
|
Term
| REASON FOR RIB NOTCHING IN COARCTATION? |
|
Definition
| BRONCHIAL ARTERIES OPEN UP TO ALLOW BLOOD TO FLOW AND ERODING RIBS. |
|
|
Term
| REASONS FOR DIFFERENTIAL CYANOSIS IN COARCTATION |
|
Definition
| PDA JOINS DISTAL TO COARCTATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TRISOMY 13 - PATAU
TRISOMY 18 - EDWARDS
TRISOMY 21 - DOWNS SYNDROME |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DIE SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH
PUBERTY
HIGH ARCHED PALATE
POLYDACTYLY
P-SYSTEM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DIE SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH
95% ROCKER BOTTOM FEET |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MR
20-50% CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
40% HYPOTHYROIDISM
CANCER-ALL
EARLY ONSET ALZHEIMERS
SIMIAN CREASE
MONGOLIAN SLANT
WIDESPREAD 1ST AND 2ND TOE |
|
|
Term
| MOST COMMON CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN DOWN'S? |
|
Definition
COMMON AV CANAL
ASD AND VSD TOGETHER
VSD ONLY
ASD ONLY |
|
|
Term
| TO WHAT IS A COMMON AV CANAL DUE? |
|
Definition
| FAILURE OF ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION TO DEVELOP |
|
|
Term
| MC CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE IN DOWNS SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MC CANCER SEEN IN DOWNS PATIENT?
MOST FREQUENT? |
|
Definition
MOST COMMON - ALL
MOST FREQUENT - AML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GENUIS >130
NORMAL - 85-100
MILD MR - 70
MODERATE - 55
SEVERE - 40
PROFOUND - <25 |
|
|
Term
| LEVEL OF MR THAT REQUIRES INSTITUTIONALISATION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH TYPE OF MEMORY IS AFFECTED FIRST IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE? |
|
Definition
| SHORT TERM MEMORY BECAUSE ALZHEIMER'S AFFECTS THE HIPPOCAMPUS FIRST |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TUSSUE CHANGE IS THE HALLMARK OF ALZHEIMRE'S DISEASE? |
|
Definition
| NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES IN THE BRAIN |
|
|
Term
| NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT IS REDUCED IN ALZHEIMER'S ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ENZYME MAKES THIS ACH? |
|
Definition
| CHOLINE ACETYL TRANSFERASE |
|
|
Term
| DRUGS USED TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S THAT INHIBITS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACH? |
|
Definition
| TACRINE INHIBITS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACH |
|
|
Term
| 3 TYPES OF NUCLEAR DAMAGE AND THEIR DESCRIPTION OF THE NUCLEUS? |
|
Definition
PYKNOSIS-BLOBS
KARYORRHEXIS-CHUNKS
KARYOLYSIS-DISSOLVES |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE COAGULATIVE NECROSIS |
|
Definition
DUE TO ISCHEMIA
ARCHITECTURE MAINTAINED |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE LIQUIFACTIVE NECROSIS |
|
Definition
1/2 SOLID
1/2 LIQUID
NO MAINTENANCE OF ARCHITECTURE (E.G. BRAIN , ABCESS) |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE HEMORRHAGIC NECROSIS |
|
Definition
| ORGAN WITH A SOFT CAPSULE OR MORE THAN ONE BLOOD SUPPLY |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE CASEOUS NECROSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OCCURS IN PANCREAS WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITITS
BLUNT TRAUMA TO BREAST |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE PURULENT NECROSIS |
|
Definition
| PUS DUE TO BACTERIA (PMN) |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE GRANULOMATOUS NECROSIS |
|
Definition
GRANULOMAS
T/CELL MACROPHAGES
NON-BACTERIAL |
|
|
Term
| DESCRIBE FIBRINOUS NECROSIS |
|
Definition
COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE
UREMIA
TB |
|
|
Term
2 TYPES OF CELLULAR DEATH
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
HOW CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM? |
|
Definition
APOPTOSIS-PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
NECROSIS-NON-PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
NECROSIS HAS INFLAMMATION, APOPTOSIS DOES NOT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ISCHEMIA LEADING TO COAGULATIVE NECROSIS |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE THEORY BEHIND CHEMOTHERAPY?
WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY? |
|
Definition
TRY TO KILL CANCER BEFORE CANCER OR DRUG KILLS PATIENT
TRY TO TARGET FEATURES OF THE CANCER THAT NORMAL CELLS ARE NOT DOING (E.G. RAPIDLY DIVIDING) |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE FIVE CLASSES OF CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS? |
|
Definition
NUTRIENT DEPLETORS
ANTIMETABOLITES
ALKYLATING AGENTS
MICROTUBLE INHIBITORS
IMMUNE MODULATORS |
|
|
Term
| 3 CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS THAT INHIBIT DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE? |
|
Definition
TRIMETHOPRIM
PYRIMETHAMINE
METHOTREXATE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELL IF YOU STOP THE NA/K PUMP? |
|
Definition
K LEAKS OUT AND THE CELL BECOMES NEGATIVE
SODIUM MOVES DOWN ITS GRADIENT INTO THE CELL
CHLORIDE FOLLOWS SODIUM INTO THE CELL AND WATER FOLLOWS
THE CELL BEGINS TO SWELL |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE SWELLING CALLED IN THE BRAIN, LIVER, ANY OTHER CELL? |
|
Definition
-PAPILLEDEMA
-BALLOON DEGENERATION
-HYDROPIC CHANGES |
|
|
Term
| 3 SUBSTANCES THST STOP THE NA/K PUMP? |
|
Definition
DIGITALIS
DIGITOXIN
QUABAIN |
|
|
Term
| NORMAL RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR CELLS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT CELLS DO NOT SIT AT RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL? ARE THEY MORE OR LESS LIKELY TO DEPOLARISE? |
|
Definition
NEURONES
AND PURKINJE FIBRES
HAVE A RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL OF (-70)
THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO DEPOLARISE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE NERNST NUMBER? |
|
Definition
THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AT WHICH THE ELECTRICAL AND CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS ARE EQUAL AND OPPOSITE.
THIS MEANS THERE IS NO NET MOVEMENT
THIS M |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE NERNST NUMBER FOR Na, K, Cl, Mg, AND Ca? |
|
Definition
Na+-> (+65)
Cl--> (-90)
K+ -> (-96)
Mg2+ -> (+120)
Ca2+ -> (+120) |
|
|
Term
| WHAT DETERMINES ELECTRICAL GRADIENT? |
|
Definition
| THE DIRECTION IONS WANT TO GO IN ORDER TO GET TO ITS OWN E |
|
|
Term
| BY ELECTRICAL AND CONCENTRATION GRADIENT, WHICH WAY DO THE FOLLOWING IONS WANT TO FLOW? |
|
Definition
Na-> IN (-90)TO (+65)
K -> OUT (-90) TO (-96)
Cl -> ALREADY AT ITS E |
|
|
Term
| WHICH VESSEL HAS THE THICKEST LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE LARGEST CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF SMOOTH MUSCLE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE LARGEST CROSS SECTIONAL AREA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE GREATEST AFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH VESSELS CAN STORE THE MOST BLOOD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE THINNEST WALLS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF DIFFUSION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES THE BODY MAINTAIN STROKE VOLUME DURING HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK? |
|
Definition
| BY CONSTRICTING VEINS AND VENULES |
|
|
Term
| HOW MUCH BLOOD IS STORED IN VEINS AND VENULES? |
|
Definition
| SIXTY PERCENT OF THE BLOOD |
|
|
Term
| VESSELS IN WHICH MOST EFFUSION OCCURS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TYPE OF EPITHELIUM THAT MAKE UP THE AORTA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CALCIFICATION OF THE AORTIC ARCH DUE TO TRAUMA AND AGE IS CALLED? |
|
Definition
| MONCKEBERG CALCIFICATIONS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT GIVES THE VEINS AND VENULES THE ABILITY TO HAVE SUCH GREAT COMPLIANCE? |
|
Definition
ELASTIN.
THEY HAVE A THIN WALL. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TWO FACTORS HELP OVERCOME AFTERLOAD AND HELP DELIVER BLOOD TO THE TISSUE? |
|
Definition
| VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION AND AORTIC RECOIL |
|
|
Term
| WHAT THREE FACTORS PREVENT BLOOD FROM BEING DELIVERED TO THE HEART DURING SYSTOLE? |
|
Definition
-AORTIC VALVES PARTIALLY OCCLUDE THE CORONARY VESSELS
-THERE IS NO TRANSMURAL FORCE PUSHING BLOOD INTO THE CORONARY VESSELS
-THE CONTRACTING VENTRICLES COMPRESS THE CORONARY VESSELS |
|
|
Term
THE ENERGY REQUIREMENT IS DEVELOPED WHEN?
ENERGY IS EXTRACTED FROM THE BLOOD WHEN? |
|
Definition
ENERGY REQUIREMENT IS GENERATED DURING SYSTOLE
ENERGY IS EXTRACTED DURING DIASTOLE |
|
|
Term
| HOW MUCH OXYGEN IS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD BY THE HEART? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WITH FAST HEART RATE IN WHICH PHASE OF THE CYCLE DOES THE HEART SPEND MOST TIME:SYSTOLE OR DIASTOLE? WITH SLOW HEART RATE? |
|
Definition
WITH FAST HEART RATES, MORE TIME IS SPENT IN SYSTOLE.
WITH SLOW HEART RATES, MORE TIME IS SPENT IN DIASTOLE. |
|
|
Term
| AS YOU AGE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE AORTA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE COMPLIANCE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT AFFECT DOES THIS HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASES (MAINLY SYSTOLIC).
PULSE PRESSURE INCREASES (SYSTOLIC INCREASES,) DIASTOLIC REMAINS RELATIVELY UNCHANGED |
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU TREAT HYPERTENSION IN THE ELDERLY? |
|
Definition
| USE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT TWO ORGANS IN THE BODY HAVE RESISTANCE OF VESSELS IN SERIES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHY DO LIVER AND KIDNEY HAVE RESISTANCE OF VESSELS IN SERIES? |
|
Definition
THEY DETOXIFY BLOOD SO YOU WANT BLOOD TO MOVE SLOWLY.
EVEN THOUGH THE VELOCITY OF THE DOWNSTREAM BLOOD IS INCREASED, THERE IS BACK UP OF BLOOD SO BLOOD FLOW DECREASES AND BLOOD SPENDS MORE TIME BEING DETOXIFIED. |
|
|
Term
| VASODILATORS OF THE ORGANS |
|
Definition
BRAIN:HIGHPCO2, LOW PO2
CV:ADENOSINE
LUNG:HIGH PO2
MUSCLE: HIGH PCO2, LOW PH
GI: FOOD (ESP FAT)
SKIN: HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGH PCO2
RENAL:D2-R, PG, ANP |
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES LOW O2 CAUSE PULMONARY HTN? |
|
Definition
| DECREASED OXYGEN CAUSES VASOCONSTRICTION LEADING TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
|
|
Term
| NAME FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA DUE TO OBESITY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CAROTID BODY?CAROTID SINUS? |
|
Definition
-CAROTID SINUS IS THE BARORECEPTOR.
IT MEASURES STROKE VOLUME
- CAROTID BODY IS A CHEMORECEPTOR |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE PATHWAY OF SIGNALS FROM THE CAROTID SINUS? |
|
Definition
1- CAROTID SINUS MEASURES STROKE VOLUME
2- SENDS SIGNAL TO NUCLEUS TRACTUS SOLITARIUS IN THE MEDULLA VIA CNIX.
3- THE MEDULLA THEN SENDS A SIGNAL TO THE HEART VIA CNX
4- MEDULLA CAUSES INCREASED RELEASE OF NOREPINEPHRINE |
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES THE CAROTID SINUS AFFECT FIRING OF CN IX AND X ? |
|
Definition
1- CRANIAL NERVES IX AND X ARE ALWAYS FIRING.
2- FIRING GOES UP AND DOWN ALONG WITH STROKE VOLUME.
3- NOREPINEPHRINE GOES IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.
4- INCREASED STROKE VOLUME CAUSES INCREASED FIRING OF CN IX AND CN X.
DECREASED STROKE VOLUME CAUSES DECREASED FIRING OF CN IX AND CN X. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT AFFECT DOES CN X HAVE ON THE HEART? |
|
Definition
CN X IS INHIBITORY TO THE HEART.
INCREASED FIRING CAUSES A DECREASED HEART RATE.
DECREASED FIRING CAUSES INCREASED HEART RATE. |
|
|
Term
| WHEN YOU STAND UP, BY HOW MUCH DOES YOUR HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE? |
|
Definition
| HEART RATE INCREASES BY 5-10bmp AND BLOOD PRESSURE DROPS BY 5-20 mmHG. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MEANING OF A HR CHANGE OF LESS THAN THE EXPECTED MEAN? |
|
Definition
| A CHANGE IN HR OF LESS THAN 5bpm MEANS YOUR BODY DID NOT RESPOND -> AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MEANING OF A HR CHANGE OF MORE THAN THE EXPECTED MEAN? |
|
Definition
| A CHANGE OF MORE THAN 10 bmp MEANS YOUR BODY OVER COMPENSATED -> VOLUME DEPLETION. |
|
|
Term
| FOUR INSTANCES IN AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION? |
|
Definition
BABY-> REILY DAY SYN.
DIABETIC-> NEUROPATHY.
PARKINSON-> SHY-GRAGER.
ELDERLY-> SICK SINUS SYND. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE PATHOLOGY OF SICK SINUS SYNDROME IN THE ELDERLY? |
|
Definition
CAROTID SINUS IS SO CALCIFIED THAT IT DOES NOT RESPOND.
SICK SINUS MEANS PAUSING FOR MORE THAN ONE SECOND. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE PATHOLOGY OF REILY DAY SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
| BABIES BORN WITH NO AUTONOMIC REFLEXES |
|
|
Term
| WITH RESPECT TO THE CAROTID SINUS, WHAT SEQUENCE OF EVENTS TAKE PLACE WHEN YOU INCREASE YOUR FLUID VOLUME? |
|
Definition
CAROTID SINUS INCREASES FIRING CNIX.
AND X INCREASES FIRING.
HR DECREASES (REFLEX BRADYCARDIA) |
|
|
Term
| SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT TAKE PLACE WHEN YOU STAND FROM A SEATED POSITION (CAROTID SINUS)? |
|
Definition
-BLOOD POOLS IN LEGS
-DECREASE VENOUS RETURN
-DECREASE EDV
-DECREASE STROKE VOLUME
-DECREASE FIRING OF CAROTID SINUS
-DECREASE FIRING OF CN IX AND CN X.
-INCREASED HR. REFLEX TACCHYCARDIA
-DECREASED BP 5-20 mmHG , INCREASED HR 5-10 mmHG. |
|
|
Term
| MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR IMMEDIATE REGULATION OF BP? |
|
Definition
| CAROTID REFLEX VIA CAROTID SINUS |
|
|
Term
| MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR INTERMEDIATE CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
| NOREPINEPHRINE (ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS THEN BETA 1 RECEPTORS) |
|
|
Term
| MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR LONG TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT SUBSTANCE IS THE MOST POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TO WHAT STIMULOUS DO JG CELLS IN THE BODY RESPOND? WHAT IS THEIR RESPONSE? |
|
Definition
-THEY RESPOND TO FLOW (I.E. VOLUME NOT PRESSURE)
-CAUSE THE RELEASE OF RENIN |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE RATIONAL FOR USING A CAROTID MASSAGE? |
|
Definition
MASSAGING THE CAROTID SINUS SIMULATES AN INCREASE IN STROKE VOLUME.
THIS CAUSES INCREASED FIRING OF CAROTID SINUS, INCREASED FIRING OF CNIX, AND X AND DECREASE IN HR. |
|
|
Term
| HOW DOES NOREPINEPHRINE REGULATE THE BLOOD PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
| IF CAROTID REFLEX IS NOT ENOUGH TO NORMALISE BP, NE IS RELEASED AND CAUSES VASOCONSTRICTION VIA ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS, AND INCREASED HEART RATE VIA BETA 1. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CAROTID REFLEX? |
|
Definition
| THE CAROTID SINUS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR IMMEDIATE REGULATION OF BP VIA REFLEX BRADY AND TACCHY. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE DIAGNOSIS FOR A PATIENT PRESENTING WITH INCREASED HEART RATE AND NORMAL BP? |
|
Definition
| HYPOVOLEMIC (COMPENSATED ) SHOCK |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE FIRST PHYSICAL SIGNS OF HYPOVOLEMIA? |
|
Definition
FIRST SIGNS ARE POOR SKIN TURGER (MOTTLED SKIN),
INCREASE PULSE, AND DECREASED BOWEL SOUNDS. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS LENTIGO RETICULARIS? |
|
Definition
| HYPO-PERFUSION OF THE SKIN AS THAT DUE TO VASOCONSTRICTION IN SHOCK. |
|
|
Term
| TWO MOST IMPORTANT ACTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN II? |
|
Definition
VASOCONSTRICTION
STIMULATE ALDOSTERONE RELEASE |
|
|
Term
| STEPS IN KIDNEY'S RESPONSE TO HYPOVOLEMIA: |
|
Definition
-DECREASED FIRING OF CAROTID SINUS -> INCREASED NOREPINEPHRINE.
-NE->VASOCONSTRICTION VIA ALPHA1 RECEPTORS.
-RENAL VASCULATURE VASOCONSTRICTS.
-JG CELLS SENSE DECREASE FLOW AND RELEASE RENIN.
-RENIN CONVERTS ANGIOTENSINOGEN TO ANGIOTENSIN I.
-ANGIOTENSIN I IS CONVERTED TO ANGIOTENSIN II IN THE LUNGS BY ACE.
- ANGII->VASOCONSTRICTION->INCREASED TPR & DECREASED BP.
-ANGII STIMULATES RELEASE OF ALDOSTERONE.
-ALDOSTERONE CAUSES REABSORPTION OF SODIUM AND EXCRETION OF K IN THE KIDNEY, BUT RE-ABSORBS THREE TIMES MORE WATER THAN SODIUM & SECRETION OF H+
-THIS LEADS TO INCREASED VOLUME, INCREASED Na, AND LOW K+, INITIALLY.
-OVER TIME YOU HAVE LOW K+, LOW H+ (INCREASED PH), LOW Na+, LOW Cl-
-INCREASED TPR, INCREASED BP |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE ELECTROLYTES, PH, TPR, AND BP FOR ALL LOW VOLUME STATES? |
|
Definition
| LOW K+, LOW Na+, LOW Cl-, LOW H+, INCREASED PH, INCREASED TPR, INCREASED BP. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE ONLY THREE EXCEPTIONS? |
|
Definition
DIARRHEA (POOPING HCO3-)
RTA - RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS (PEEING HCO3-)
DKA (KETONES) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SAME ELECTROLYTES, BUT HIGH H+
(LOW PH) |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERTENSION IN HEART FAILURE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HEART BLOCK WITH FIXED LENGTHENING OF PR INTERVAL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HEART BLOCK WITH NORMAL PR INTERVAL AND ERRATIC LOSS OF QRS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH TYPE OF HEART BLOCK HAS AV DISSOCIATION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HEART BLOCK WITH GRADUAL LENGTHENING OF PR INTERVAL AND ERRATIC LOSS OF QRS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU TREAT THE VARIOUS TYPES OF HEART BLOCK? |
|
Definition
1ST DEGREE -> NO TREATMENT
MOBITZ I -> PACER IF SYMPTOMS
MOBITZ II -> PACER
3RD DEGREE -> PACER |
|
|
Term
| COMPLICATIONS OF TEMPORAL ARTERITIS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ANOTHER NAME FOR TEMPORAL ARTERITIS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE TEMPORAL ARTERITS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RULE OF 60'S FOR TEMPORAL ARTERITIS |
|
Definition
AGE >60
ESR >60
60 MG OF PREDNISOLONE FOR TREATMENT |
|
|
Term
| WHICH SHOULD YOU DO FIRST IN TEMPORAL ARTERITIS, BIOPSY OR STEROIDS? |
|
Definition
IF SYMPTOMATIC TREAT WITH PREDNISOLONE FIRST THEN BIOPSY.
IF ASYMPTOMATIC , BIOPSY, THEN PREDNISOLONE. |
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
1- ONE MUSCLE HURTS: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
2- SEVERAL MUSCLES HURT: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
3- MUSCLE PAIN WITH RASH: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
4- INFLAMED MUSCLE INSERTIONS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
5- PAIN OF MUSCLE AND MUSCLE INSERTIONS: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
6- SHOULDER GIRDLE HURTS THE MOST |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
7- VISCERAL CANCER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
8- CAUSED BY RIFAMPIN,INH,STATINS, PREDNISOLONE,HYPOTHYROIDISM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
TREATED WITH AMITRIPTYLINE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
10- INCREASE IN TEMPORAL ARTERITIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
11- MULTIPLE TRIGGER POINTS: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
12- MUSCLE PAIN WHEN MOVING: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
13- HELIOTROPIC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION:
14- THROBBING TEMPORAL HA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DRUGS THAT CAUSE MYOSITIS |
|
Definition
RIFAMPIN
STATIN
PREDNISOLONE
INH |
|
|
Term
| DISEASE THAT CAUSES MYOSITIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 CLUES FOR BECKER'S OR DUCHENNE'S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY? |
|
Definition
WADDLING GATE
GOWER'S SIGN
CALF PSUDOHYPERTROPHY |
|
|
Term
| CAUSE OF THE PSEUDOHYPERTROPHY SEEN IN THE CALF OF DUCHENNE'S OR BECKER'S |
|
Definition
| FATP DEPOSITION IN THE MUSCLE OF THE CALF |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR MUSCULAR SCLEROSIS? |
|
Definition
1- STEROIDS
2- BLOCKING IMMUNOGLOBULINS
3- PLASMAPHRESIS
4- IFN |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HALO VISION SEEN IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS? WHAT STRUCTURE DO MS LIKE TO ATTACK?WHAT IS THIS CALLED? |
|
Definition
OPTIC NEURITIS
MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS
INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPLEGIA |
|
|
Term
| CLUES FOR DUCHENNE'S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY? |
|
Definition
-X-LINKED RECESSIVE
-ONSET BEFORE AGE 5 |
|
|
Term
| CLUES FOR BECKER'S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ASCENDING PARALYSIS TWO WEEKS AFTER URI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLUES FOR MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY |
|
Definition
INCREASED MUSCLE TONE
BIRD BEAK FACE
CAN NOT LET GO AFTER SHAKING HANDS |
|
|
Term
| NEUROPATHY IN GLOVE AND STOCKING DISTRIBUTION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DISEASE WITH LANCINATING,SHOOTING,STABBING PAIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MIDDLE AGED WOMAN WITH OPTIC NEURITIS (EYE PROBLEM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MIDDLE AGED WOMAN WITH PTOSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MS EQUIVALENT IN CHILDREN (5-10 YRS) |
|
Definition
| METACHROMATIC LEUKODYSTROPHY |
|
|
Term
| MIDDLE AGED MAN WITH ASCENDING PARALYSIS |
|
Definition
| AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS |
|
|
Term
| ASYMMETRICAL PARALYSIS 2 WEEKS AFTER GASTROENTERITIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FASCICULATIONS IN A NEONATE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR GUILLAN BARRE? |
|
Definition
| INFLAMMATORY POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY |
|
|
Term
| 3 NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES WITH FASCICULATIONS? |
|
Definition
-WERDNIG HOFMAN
-POLIO
-ALS |
|
|
Term
| 3 NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES THAT CAUSE CEREBELLAR SIGNS? |
|
Definition
-FREDRICK ATAXIA
-ATAXIA TELANGECTASIA
-ADRENAL LEUKODYSTROPHY |
|
|
Term
| FASCIULATIONS ARE A SPECIFIC SIGN OF WHAT? |
|
Definition
| LOWER MOTOR NEURONE DAMAGE |
|
|
Term
| FASCICULATIONS IN A NEW BORN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FASCICULATIONS IN A MIDDLE AGED MAN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FASCICULATIONS 2 WEEKS AFTER GASTROENTERITIS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CLUES FOR ATAXIA TELANGECTASIA? |
|
Definition
CEREBELLAR SIGNS IN 5-10 YR OLD
SPIDER VEINS ON SKIN
IGA DEFICIENCY |
|
|
Term
| CLUES FOR FREDRICKS ATAXIA |
|
Definition
-CEREBELLAR SIGN IN 5-10 YR OLD
-RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
-SCOLIOSIS |
|
|
Term
| CLUES FOR ADRENAL LEUKODYSTROPHY |
|
Definition
| PROBLEM METABOLISING LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS |
|
|
Term
| DEFINITION OF CEREBRAL PALSY |
|
Definition
| PERMANENT NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE SUFFERED BEFORE THE AGE OF 21 |
|
|
Term
| VASCULITIS 2 WEEKS AFTER A COMMON COLD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VASCULITIS IN SMOKING JEWISH PERSON WITH NECROTISING VASCULITIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VASCULITIS WITH FHX OF DEAFNESS AND CATARACT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 WEEKS AFTER GASTROENTERITIS
STRAWBERRY TONGUE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TWO WEEK AFTER ECOLI GASTROENTERITIS |
|
Definition
| HUS - HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME |
|
|
Term
| FEVER, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AND NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS |
|
Definition
| IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA PURPURA |
|
|
Term
| VASCULITS OF MIDSIZE ARTERY PARTICULARLY IN GI AND KIDNEY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VASCULITIS WITH SINUSES, LUNGS AND KIDNEY INVOLVEMENT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LINEAR IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ON GMB WITH LUNG INVOLVEMENT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PULMONARY INFILTRATES WITH EOSINOPHILIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GLOMERUTLONEPHRITIS TWO WEEKS AFTER SORE THROAT |
|
Definition
| POST STREP GLOMERULONEPHRITIS |
|
|
Term
| GLOMERULONEPHRITIS TWO WEEKS AFTER VACCINATION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ANTI-CARDIOLIPIN,ANTI-SM, ANTI-DSDNA ANTIBODIES: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS |
|
|
Term
| 2 MUSCLE TYPES LEAST AFFECTED BY NEUROMUSCULAR DISESAE? AN WHY? |
|
Definition
| SMOOTH MUSCLE AND CARDIAC MUSCLE BECAUSE THEY HAVE AUTONOMICS |
|
|
Term
| HOW DO YOU DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS AND MYASTHENIA SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
MG GETS WEAKER WITH CONTRACTIONS
STRONGER WITH EDROPHONIUM TEST
MYASTHENIA SYNDROME GETS STRONGER WITH CONTRACTIONS, WEAKER WITH EDROPHONIUM TEST |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE DEFECT IN MYASTHENIA SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
| THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS SLOW IN SEQUESTRATION OF CALCIUM LEADING TO STRONGER MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| ANOTHER NAME FOR MYASTHENIA SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CANCERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOLLOWING DISEASES?
1- MYASTHENIA SYNDROME |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CANCERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOLLOWING DISEASES?
2- MYASTHENIA GRAVIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CANCERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOLLOWING DISEASES?
3- DERMATOMYOSITIS |
|
Definition
VISCERAL CANCER
MOST COMMON IS A COLON CANCER |
|
|
Term
| DEFECT IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY |
|
Definition
| DEFECT IN THE DYSTROPHIN PROTEIN |
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
1- EARLY ONSET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
2- LATE ONSET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
3- SUBSTITUTION FOR ONE OR TWO BASE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
4- MAKES THE SAME PROTEIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
5- MAKES A DIFFERENT PROTEIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
6- MAKES A STOP CODON |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
7- PURINE TO PURINE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION
8- PURINE TO PYRIMIDINE OR PYRIMIDINE TO PURINE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A MYASTHENIA GRAVIS PATIENT TREATED WITH NEOSTIGMINE PRESENTS WITH WEAKNESS , WHAT IS THE COURSE OF ACTION? |
|
Definition
DETERMINE IF THIS IS A WORSENED MG OR CHOLINERGIC CRISIS DUE TO NEOSTIGMINE
-REPEAT EDROPHONIUM TEST
-IF SYMPTOMS IMPROVE, INCREASE NEOSTIGMINE
-IF SYMPTOMS WORSEN , ADMINISTER ATROPINE AND DECREASE NEOSTIGMINE DOSE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT STRUCTURES DOES FREDRICK'S ATAXIA AFFECT? |
|
Definition
DORSAL COLUMN AND
SPINOCEREBELLAR PATHWAY |
|
|
Term
| WHAT STRUCTURE DOES ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY AFFECT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CP THAT AFFECTS LEGS MORE THAN ARMS |
|
Definition
SPASTIC DIPLEGIA
(E.G. CMV) |
|
|
Term
| CP THAT AFFECTS ONE HALF OF THE BODY MORE THAN THE OTHER |
|
Definition
SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA
(E.G. STROKE, TUMOUR, ETC) |
|
|
Term
| CP THAT AFFECTS THE BASAL GANGLIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CP WHERE THE PATIENT HAS NO TONE TO THE BODY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INFECTIONS THAT CAN CAUSE SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT CAN CAUSE SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT CAN CAUSE CHORIO ATHETOTIC CP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EXPLAIN THE VASCULITIS CONCEPT: |
|
Definition
1- THE BLOOD VESSELS GET INFLAMED
2- INCREASED WHITE CELLS (T-CELLS AND MACROPHAGES)
3- FOR VASCULITIS THAT ARE ALSO COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE YOU SEE EOSINOPHILS
4- CELLS GET SHREDDED BECAUSE OF INFLAMED VESSEL WALLS->SCHISTOCYTES
5- ANEMIA BECAUSE RED BLOOD CELLS ARE SHREDDED ->LOW ENERGY STATE
6- THROMBOCYTOPENIA BECAUSE PLATELETS ARE SHREDDED->PETECHIAE, PURPURA, BLEEDING FROM MUCOSAL SURFACES.
7- HAPTOGLOBIN WILL BE LOW BECAUSE THIS IS AN INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS
8- MC SIGN: TACHYPNEA AND DYSPNEA
9- MC SYMPTOM:WEAKNESS AND SOB
10- MC INFECTION:UTI AND PULMONARY
11- MC CAUSE OF DEATH:HEART FAILURE BECAUSE OF INFLAMED CORONARY VESSESLS, EXCEPT LUPUS, THEY DIE OF RENAL FAILURE (BECAUSE THEY DESTROY THEIR KIDNEYS FIRST)
7- |
|
|
Term
| EXPLAIN THE NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE CONCEPT |
|
Definition
1- IT DOESNT MATTER HOW, WHEN YOU HURT A NERVE OF MUSCLE YOU GET WEAKNESS
2- MC SYMPTOMS ARE SAME AS LOW ENERGY STATE:WEAKNESS AND SOB
3- MC SIGN ARE THE SAME AS LOW ENERGY STATE : TACHYPNEA AND DYSPNEA
4- MC INFECTIONS ARE THE SAME AS LOW ENERGY STATE: PULMONARY AND UTI
5- MC CAUSE OF DEATH IS NOT HEART FAILURE BECAUSE THE HEART HAS AUTONOMICS.COD IS RESPIATORY FAILURE.
6- OTHER SYMPTOMS: CONSTIPATION, URINARY RETENSION, IMPOTENCE, HYPOTENSIVE)
7- DIAPHRAGM FAILURE CAUSES PROBLEMS INSPIRING->DECREASED PO2->VASODILATION OF VESSELS IN BRAIN->HEADACHE
8- LOW PO2>VASOCONSTRICTION TO LUNGS->PULMONARY HTN->RVH->S4 |
|
|
Term
| THE 23 TYPES OF VASCULITIS |
|
Definition
1-BERGER'S
2-BUERGER'S
3-ALPORT'S
4-HENOCH-SCHOLER PUPURA
5-KAWASAKI
6-DIC
7-HUS
8-ITP
9-PAN
10-WEGENER'S
11-GOODPASTURE'S
12-CHURG-STRAUSS
13-PSGN
14-SERUM SICKNESS
15-CRYOGLOBULINEMIA
16-LUPUS
17-SBE
18-MPGN I, II
19-CREST
20-SCLERODERMA
21-PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (PSS)
22-THEMATIC ARTHRITIS
23-JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS |
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Term
| ONLY VASCULITIS WITH NORMAL PLATELET COUNT |
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Definition
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Term
| ONLY VASCULITIS WITH HIGH PLATELET COUNT |
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Definition
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Term
| CAUSE OF DEATH IN ALL VASCULARITIES IS HEART FAILURE EXCEPT WHICH ONE? FROM WHAT DO THEY DIE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH PROTEIN IS DECREASED IN ALL VASCULARITIES? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPONSE SEEN IN ALL VASCULARITIES? |
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Definition
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Term
| CLUES FOR ADRENAL LEUKODYSTROPHY |
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Definition
BABINSKI
ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITY
PROBLEM METABOLIZING LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS
ADRENAL FAILURE |
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
1- MUCOSITIS, RASH ON PALMS AND SOLES, CERVICAL LYMPH NODES, TEMP>102 FOR >3 DAYS |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
2- FEVER, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
3- MID-SIZED ARTERIES, (GI AND RENAL), ASSOCIATED WITH HEP B AND P-ANCA |
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Definition
3- PAN
POLY ARTERITIS NODOSA |
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
4- ALLERGIC VASCULITIS |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
5- CARDIAC INFECTION CAUSED BY STREP VIRIDANS |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
6- TRAM TRACK WITH C3 NEPHRITIC FACTORS IN BM |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
7- TRAM TRACK WITH LOW COMPLEMENT (DENSE DEPOSIT DISEASE) |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
8- MILDEST FORM OF SCLERODERMA- PATCHY INVOLVEMENT |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
9- ANTI-SCL70 AND ANTI-SM MUSCLE |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
10- SCLERODERMA WITH ORGAN INVOLVEMENT |
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Definition
10- PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
(PSS) |
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE :
11- SYMMETRICAL POLYARTERITIS,WORSE IN THE MORNING, PERIOSLER EROSION ON XRAY |
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Definition
| 11- RHEUMATOID ARTHERITIS |
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
12- ARTHERITIS WITH IRIDESIS |
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Definition
| 12- JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHERITIS |
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
13- RA+LEUKOPENIA+SPLENOMEGALY |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
14- RA + GI ULCERS |
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Definition
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Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS:
15- RA + DRY EYES AND DRY MOUTH |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THE DISEASE:
1- VASCULITIS WITH GI BLEEDING, INTUSSUSCEPTION , NORMAL PLATELET COUNT |
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Definition
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Term
| VASCULITIS WHOSE MOST COMMON CAUSE IS SEPSIS |
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Definition
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Term
| MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RENAL FAILURE IN KIDS |
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Definition
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Term
| VASCULITIS WITH WHICH HEP B IS ASSOCIATED |
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Definition
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Term
| VASRCULITIS THAT CAUSES PULMONARY INFILTRATE WITH EOSINOPHILIA |
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Definition
CHURG-STRAUSS
(ALLERGIC GRANULOMATOSIS) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MOST COMMON CAUSE OF ARTHRITIS IN A MIDDLE AGED FEMALE |
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Definition
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Term
| ONLY ARTHRITIS THAT ATTACKS THE SYNOVIUM |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| CLOSURE OF MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVES |
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Term
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Definition
| CLOSURE OF MITRAL AND PULMONIC VALVES |
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Term
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Definition
VOLUME OVERLOAD
DILATION
DECOMPENSATION |
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Term
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Definition
PRESSURE OVERLOAD
HYPERTROPHY
COMPENSATION |
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Term
| WHAT PRODUCES AN S2 SPLIT? |
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Definition
| DELAYED CLOSING OF THE PULMONIC VALVE |
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Term
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Definition
-INCREASED OXYGENATION
-INCREASED VENTRICULAR VOLUME
-DELAYED PULMONARY CLOSURE |
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Term
| NARROW S2 SPLITTING MEANS |
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Definition
| DECREASED VOLUME IN THE LUNGS |
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Term
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Definition
MITRAL REGURG
TRICUSPID REGURG
VSD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
CONTINUOUS MURMUR
MACHINE LIKE MURMUR |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| THE SYSTOLIC COMPONENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE REPRESENTS ? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE DIASTOLIC COMPONENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE REPRESENTS? |
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Definition
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Term
| EJECTION CLICK REPRESENTS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT FACTOR PRODUCES MURMURS? |
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Definition
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Term
| DO RIGHT HEART SOUNDS GET LOUDER ON INSPIRATION OR EXPIRATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| DOES LEFT HEART SOUND GET LOUDER ON INSPIRATION OR EXPIRATION? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
AGE
<30 YO - BICUSPID VALVE |
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Term
| MCC OF AORTIC REGURGITATION |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
ENDOCARDITIS
COLLAGEN DISEASE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MCC TRICUSPID REGURGITATION |
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Definition
| ACUTE ENDOCARDITIS (MC IV DRUG ABUSE) |
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Term
| MCC PULMONARY STENOSIS AND PULMONARY REGURGITATION |
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Definition
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Term
| CLUES FOR AORTIC STENOSIS |
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Definition
HEAD BOBBING
QUINKE'S PULSE
WIDE PULSE PRESSURE
WATERHAMMER PULSE |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE NORMAL PULSE PRESSURE? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW CAN YOU ACCENTUATE AORTIC STENOSIS? |
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Definition
-LEAN FORWARD
- MAKE A FIST
- BLOW UP A BP CUFF
- SQUAT |
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Term
| HOW DO YOU ACCENTUATE IHSS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-ATHLETE WHO PASSES OUT
-HARSH SYRSTOLIC MURMUR
-PULSUS BIFERIENS
-DISORGANISED MYOFIBRILS ON BIOPSY |
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Term
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Definition
| THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM IS TOP HEAVY AND FALLS INTO THE VENTRICLE PREVENTING IT FROM EMPTYING DURING SYSTOLE |
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Term
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Definition
AORTIC REGURGITATION
PULMONIC REGURGITATION |
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Term
| DIASTOLIC RUMBLING MURMUR |
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Definition
MITRAL STENOSIS
TRICUSPID STENOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
AORTIC STENOSIS
PULMONIC STENOSIS |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF EFFUSION? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH TYPE OF EFFUSION IS MAINLY WATER AND WHICH TYPE IS MAINLY PROTEIN? |
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Definition
TRANSUDATE IS MAINLY WATER
EXUDATE IS MAINLY PROTEIN |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF A TRANSUDATE? |
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Definition
| INCREASED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO DISEASES THAT CAUSE INCREASED BODY FLUID AND LEAD TO A TRANSUDATE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT TWO DISEASES CAUSE DECREASE IN BODY FLUID AND LEAD TO A TRANSUDATE? |
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Definition
CIRRHOSIS
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF AN EXUDATE? |
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Definition
| DECREASE IN ONCOTIC PRESSURE |
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Term
| WHAT CAUSES PURULENT EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAUSES GRANULOMATOUS EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAUSES CASEATING EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAUSES FIBRINOUS EXUDATES? |
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Definition
-COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE
-UREMIA
-TB |
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Term
| WHAT CAUSED HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC OF RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY? |
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Definition
-COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE
-AMYLOIDOSIS
-HEMOCHROMATOSIS |
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Term
| MCC OF CONSTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY? |
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Definition
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Term
| MC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE |
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Definition
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Term
| MC CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE AT 1 MONTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| LIST 9 CYANOTIC HEART DISEASES |
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Definition
1-TRINCUS ARTERIOSIS
2-TRANSPOSITION
3-TRICUSPID ATRESIA
4-TETRALOGY
5-TOTAL ANOMALOUS VENOUS RETURN
6-PULMONARY ATRESIA
7-AORTIC ATRESIA
8-HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART
9-EPSTEIN ANOMALY |
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Term
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Definition
RIB NOTCHING ON XRAY
DIFFERENTIAL PULSES
DIFFERENTIAL CYANOSIS |
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Term
| CLUES FOR TETRALOGY OF FALLOT |
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Definition
I-INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT - VSD
H- HYPERTROPHIC LEFT HEART
O- OVER RIDING AORTA
P- PULMONARY STENOSIS
BLUE WHEN FEEDING
PINK WHEN CRIES
CHILD SQUATS WHILE PLAYING |
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Term
| CLUES FOR TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS |
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Definition
| SPIRAL MEMBRANE DID NOT DEVELOP |
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Term
| CLUES FOR EPSTEIN ANOMALY |
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Definition
PREGNANT MOM RX WITH LITHIUM
TRICUSPID VALVE DEVELOPED IN RIGHT VENTRICLE |
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Term
| CLUES FOR TOTAL ANOMALOUS VENOUS RETURN |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT COMPONENT OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT DETERMINES THE PROGNOSIS? |
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Definition
| THE DEGREE OF PULMONARY STENOSIS |
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Term
| WHAT TWO FACTORS ARE USED TO DETERMINE WHETHER FLUID IS TRANSUDATE OR EXUDATE? |
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Definition
PROTEIN <2G -> TRANSUDATE
SG < 1.012 -> TRANSUDATE |
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