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| Microogranisms existing in reservoirs, animals, or another human. Microorganisms adhere to tissue through specific surgace receptors. |
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| Invade surrounding tissues by evading the host's defense mechanisms |
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| Fever causing agent produced by leukocytes in the body |
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| Fever causing agent of external origin (e.g bacterial endotoxin) |
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| Ability of the infectious agent to enter host and replicate |
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| Capacity of infection to cause a sever disease (potency) |
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| Benefits only the microorganism, no harm to the human |
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| Complex mutlicellular masses where microogranisms frequently exist in humans |
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| Multicellular branching (Canida albicans, dimorphic both mold and yeast) |
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| Influenza undergoes antigenic shift. Shifts occur in animals coinfected by a human and an avian strain of influenza. Segments of the genome undergo recombination during which the human virus obtains a new HA or NA antigen. Can result in a major pandemic. |
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| (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Most notable form of acquired immune deficiency caused by an infectious agent. AIDS is a viral disease caused by HIV.HIV deplets immune system (helper T cells). |
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| An enzyme produced during HIV life cycle. Integrase integrates viral HIV DNA in to host DNA. |
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| (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) S. aureus can cause numerous diverse diseases. Each strain has a mixture of toxins. MRSA is a type of S. aureus that has developed resistance to antibiotics. |
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| A chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism, which is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine |
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| Period of initial exposure to onset of first symptoms |
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| Recovery occurs and symptoms decline, the disease is fatal and the patient dies, the infection is over, or the disease has a period of latency. |
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| Ability of infection to spread |
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| Ability of infection to produce disease |
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| Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both |
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| A microorganism that does not ordinarily cause disease but under certain circumstances (for example impaired immune responses resulting from other disease or drug treatment), becomes pathogenic). --> Kaposi Sarcoma/Herpes simplex virus during HIV latency period |
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| A toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings |
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| Single cell, reproduce by budding. (Canida albicans, dimorphic because it is both mold and yeast) |
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| Rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms. Occurs in HIV life cycle. |
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| A group of RNA viruses that insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g., HIV |
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| A drug that inhibits the growth of the microorganism until it destroyed by the body's own protective mechanisms. |
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| A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. |
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| A weakened, less vigorous virus. An attenuated virus may be used to make a vaccine that is capable of stimulating an immune response and creating immunity, but not of causing illness |
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| Initial stage, characterized by first symptoms |
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| Increased temperature due to body's innate immune response. |
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| Ability to produce an immune response |
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| Ability to produce toxins |
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| Beneficial to both host and bacteria |
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| Typically on gram negative bacteria. Pili determines where a bacterium can go and attach |
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| A toxin that is present inside a bacterial cell and is released when the cell disintegrates |
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| Is both yeast or mold. E.g Canida albicans |
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| Human Immunodeficiency virus. A retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells of the immune system. |
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| Enzyme used to generate complementary DNA from an RNA template. Common in retroviruses. |
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| Drug that kills the bacteria. |
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| Primary defense system that evolved first, at birth. Involves antibodies, cytokines, T cells and macrophages. The objective of passive immunotherapy is to provide immediate protection. |
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| Fungi that can cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails due to their ability to utilize keratin. |
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