Term
| 3 factors necessary for natural selection |
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Definition
1. There must be variation in the population
2. Variation must lead to differences among individuals in lifetime reproductive success
3. Variation must be transmitted to the next generation |
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Term
| 5 factors necessary for natural selection |
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Definition
1. Individuals vary
2. Populations tend to overbreed relative to available resources, leading to a struggle for survival
3. Better variations have better survival (survival of the fittest)
4. Survivors will reproduce and non-survivors won’t
5. Traits leading to better survival and
reproduction must be heritable. |
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Term
| Explain evidence that individuals vary |
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Definition
| 1.) Look outside variation happens everywhere. |
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Term
| Explain evidence that organisms over breed given available resources (ex. trees) |
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Definition
| 2.) Each seedling needs enough space to grow and become a mature tree. Each seedling in competition with each other, which means not all survive. |
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Term
| The Grants' work on the medium ground finch |
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Definition
| sees variation in beak sizes, during a severe la nina where large hard seeds remain the birds with the long beaks outnumber birds with short beaks and sees a huge growth of these large beaks. 10 years later they see an el nino where large seeds are hard to come by so the shorter beaked finches outweigh the large beaked finches |
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Term
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Definition
| the island where the Grants' do all of their research on with the medium finches |
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Term
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Definition
• Unusually wet
• Abundant vegetation
• High concentration of small soft seeds
• Large, hard seeds less common |
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Term
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Definition
• Extreme drought
• Extreme population decline
• Withered vegetation
• Small soft seeds quickly eaten
• Large, hard seeds remain |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of observed differences on a trait among individuals of population that is due to genetic differences.(passed thru genes) |
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Term
| Fossil evidence of adaptation |
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Definition
| Archaeopteryx that was in between a mammal and reptile before Darwin dies and we have seen many more of these like whales intermediate form |
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Term
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Definition
| old rock strata has many fossils of animals that are extinct (96%) while newer rock strata has a living animals as fossils |
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Term
| The problem with missing links |
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Definition
| it makes even more missing links |
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Term
| Modern examples of transitional forms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Horses used to be more diverse (34). Beforehand they didn’t eat grass but ate leafs and were very short. Horses grow and a bony hoof is formed, teeth has grown. Lots of transitional forms. |
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Term
| Issues that people had with Darwin's work |
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Definition
Earth must be old enough for evolution to have
occurred
• Fossils should show evidence of change through
time
• Older rock strata should have fewer fossils of
modern species than younger rock strata |
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Term
| Heritabilty and natural selection |
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Definition
| Many theories such as Darwin's propose that animals and people subconsciously chose those heritable traits they most wish to see replicated in their offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evolution in the Equidae is a classic example of transition in the fossil record. |
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Term
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Definition
| mix of reptile and bird, first transitional form |
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Term
| What did Darwin know about the proof of his hypothesis before his death? |
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Definition
• Earth must be old enough for evolution to occur.
• Fossils give evidence of mutation and change through time.
• Older rock strata should have few fossils of modern species than younger rock. Rock shows changing diversity over time.
• Gradually small changes of 1 species to another; intermediate form. Fossil of species in process of changing |
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Term
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Definition
| was likely the first “horse”. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an animal with gills and scale like fish but neck and limbs like amphibians. Had lobed fins for swimming. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a classic example of transition in the fossil record. |
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