Term
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Definition
-not tissue residents: must be recruited from blood stream
-relatively short lived
-dead and dying neutrophils make up pus |
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Term
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Definition
-tissue residents
-long lived
-generate new lysosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| the internalization of particulate matter by a process of engulfment |
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Term
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Definition
| internalize foreign material |
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Term
| definition: phagolysosome |
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Definition
-fusion of phagosome and lysosome
-bring together antimicrobial components |
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Term
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Definition
-macrophages have phagocytic receptors that bind microbes and their components
-bound material is internalized in phagosomes
-broken down in phagolysosomes |
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Term
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Definition
-C-type lectin receptors (dectin-1, mannose receptors)
-scavenger receptors
-G-protein-coupled receptors
-toll-like receptors |
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Term
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Definition
-C-type lectin receptor
-strongly expressed by neutrophils and macrophages
-recognizes glucose polymers (ligand) |
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Term
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Definition
-expressed macrophages and dendritic cells
-recognizes mannose carbohydrate (mannose is ligand)
-during complememnt cascade, MLB is ligand |
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Term
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Definition
-macrophages
-recognize lipoproteins |
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Term
| G-Protein-Coupled receptors |
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Definition
-span the phagocyte membrane
-direct response to anaphylatoxin
-activate GTP-binding proteins called G-proteins |
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Term
| Toll-like receptors (TLR) |
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Definition
-recognize distinct patterns NOT found in healthy vertebrate cells
-recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)
-can be both surface and intracellular
-expressed on many different cell types (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, some epithelial cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizes the ligand liptiechoic acids of gram-positive bacterial cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizes ligand lipopolysacharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizes the ligand bacterial flagellin |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizes the ligand bacterial and viral DNA |
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Term
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Definition
-recognizes the ligand lipopolysacharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria
-expressed by dendritic cells and macrophages
-senses and responds to numerous bacterial infections
-too much LPS causes septic shock
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Term
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Definition
-activates vasular endothelium
-increases vascular permeability
-causes fever
-increased antibody, complement cellular entry
-increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes
-shock: circulatory collapse. treament, epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
-acidification
-toxic oxygen derived products
-toxic nitrogen oxides
-antimocrobial peptides (defensins, cathelicidin)
-enzymes (lysozyme) |
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Term
| 3 essential roles of inflamation |
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Definition
-deliver effector cells and molecules
-induce clotting to create a physical barrier to contain the infection
-promote tissue repair |
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Term
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Definition
-pain
-redness
-swelling
-heat |
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Term
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Definition
| small proteins made by a cell that affect the behavior of other cells |
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Term
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Definition
-chemoattractants
-small proteins which stimulate the activation of and migration of neutrophils and other cells to the site of infection |
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Term
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Definition
-inflammatory cytokine
-activates vascular endothelium
-activates lymphocytes
-fever
-induces production of IL-6 |
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Term
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Definition
-lymphocyte activation (T and B cells)
-increase antibody production |
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Term
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Definition
-activates NK cells
-initiates differentiation of CD4 cells into TH1 cells |
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