Term
| % water in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
| % inorganic ions in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
| % sugars in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
| % Amino acids in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
| % Nucleotides in in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
| % lipids in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
| % small molecules in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
| % macromolecules in in prokaryotic cell ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Capture radiant E from sunlight and transform it into chemical E stored in the bonds of carbohydrates.
The reactions of photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
Energy obtained from the oxidation of chemical compounds.
These may be inorganic or organic compounds. |
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Term
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Definition
Utilization of CO2 as the sole source of carbon.
These bacteria synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide via the reactions of CO2 fixation. |
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Term
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Definition
These bacteria are unable to use CO2 as a carbon source.
These bacteria utilize pre formed organic compounds for carbon, ie carbohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| This chemical is found in many sources, as nitrogen gas, N2, nitrogen is a component in proteins, cell walls, nucleic acids etc. |
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Term
| where do bacteria get NITROGEN ? |
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Definition
They obtain their nitrogen from a variety of inorganic sources.
These inorganic sources include, nitrate, NO3, ammonia, NH3, and nitrogen gas, N2. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduction of NO3 converted to N2 |
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Term
Nitrogen utilization
Ammonia assimilation ? |
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Definition
| NH3 converted into protein, that results in biomass. |
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Term
Nitrogen utilization
Nitrogen fixation ? |
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Definition
| N2 converted into NH3, that occurs in bacteria associated with soil |
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Term
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Definition
Phosphorus and Sulfur
Trace elements: K,Mg,Ca and Fe |
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Term
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Definition
Passive transport is the diffusion of substances across a membrane.
Molecules will move from where the substance is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated |
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Term
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Definition
| Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) |
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Term
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Definition
| is the process in which organic molecule such as glucose is transported into the cell while being chemically modified |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
measure of water that is available
water is food (very critical) |
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Definition
| Grows best in presence of "Oxygen" |
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Term
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Definition
| Grows best in air concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| best in absence or presence of "Oxygen" |
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Term
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Definition
| Grows best in absence of "Oxygen" |
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Term
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Definition
is undefined (kitchen sink)
faster growth then synthetic media |
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Term
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Definition
inorganic (chemically defined) called minimal media
slower growth than complex media |
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Definition
| blood , agar etc (gets nutrients from blood |
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Term
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Definition
| selection of certain bacteria only (knock out) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pure culture technique is a method of culturing microorganisms of single microbes (different colonies) |
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Term
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Definition
| is a technique performed under sterile conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| defined as the orderly increase in all major constituents of an organism. |
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Term
| Reproduction method of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
two identical cells
One cell grows larger until it becomes 2 cells |
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Term
| what is Doubling time or generation time |
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Definition
| is the time required for the cell to divide. |
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Term
| Doubling time for E. Coli ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Replication time for bacteria ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Increases in cell #, measured:
Counting chamber on microscope.
Viable cells measured on agar plates, various methods
Filtration, through 0.22 or 0.45 micro meters filters.
Turbidimetric methods
Mass
Growth changes and activity. |
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Term
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Definition
Direct microscopic count.
Need a population of at least 106 to be statistically valid.
Only problem counts both live and dead cells |
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Term
| Viable Plate Count Method |
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Definition
| Spread plate versus pour plate |
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Term
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Definition
| Turbidity is measured by absorbance or aka optical density. Measured in a spectrophotometer, ie Spec 20. |
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Term
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Definition
| As cells are growing in a fermentor, measure the changes in pH, oxygen uptake, acid development, metabolic product formation. |
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Term
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Definition
When microbes are initially introduced into a new medium, the period of time when they adjust to the new environment.
Not a dormant period, they are actively synthesizing enzymes for the next phase. |
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Term
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Definition
| The bacterial population is actively growing at a constant rate. The #’s are doubling per generation time. |
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Term
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Definition
Nutrients becoming depleted, waste products are accumulating, growth begins to slow.
A plateau is seen in the growth curve, neither an increase or decrease in cell numbers. |
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Term
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Definition
| aka Decline phase, more cells die than are replaced by new cells. |
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