Term
|
Definition
| the use of in vitro techniques to alter genetic material in the laboratory |
|
|
Term
| restriction enzymes (endonucleases) |
|
Definition
proteins that recognize specific base sequences within DNA and cut the DNA at those locations
widespread in prokaryotes but rare in eukaryotes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class of restriction enzyme that binds to DNA at the recognition sequence but cut the DNA some distance away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class of restriction enzyme that binds and cleaves the DNA within their recognition sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inverted repeats that are recognized by restriction enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proteins used to protect host DNA from its own restriction enzymes
shares the same recognition sequence as restriction enzyme and chemically modifies specific nucleotides within the sequence of the host so they cannot be cut (usually by methylation of the bases) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mechanism to separate the fragments of DNA using migration in an electrical field
(DNA moves toward positive electrode faster if smaller) |
|
|
Term
| nucleic acid hybridization |
|
Definition
| uses complementary base pairing of single strands of DNA or RNA from two different sources to give a hybrid double strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| segments of single-stranded DNA or RNA that are used in hybridization and for which the sequence is known |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of hybridization that uses DNA as the target and RNA or DNA as probe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of hybridization that uses RNA as the target and DNA or RNA as the probe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses protein as target and uses antibody as the probe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isolation and incorporation of a piece of DNA into a vector so it can be replicated and manipulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, simple genetic element such as a plasmid or virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variety of recombinants available through molecular cloning and vectors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creation of a gene library by cloning random fragments of a genome |
|
|
Term
| site-directed mutagenesis |
|
Definition
| introduces mutations at precisely determined locations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| altered fragments of DNA created by removing a stretch of DNA and replacing with synthetic DNA with one or more changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mutations in the middle of a gene that disrupt its function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
encode a protein that is easy to detect and assay
ex: lacZ, luciferase, green fluorescent protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
constructs that contain segments from two different genes
usually a regulatory region (promoter) and coding sequence (reporter gene) to study gene regulation |
|
|
