Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lecture 37
Brock
21
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
04/24/2014

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
genetic engineering
Definition
the use of in vitro techniques to alter genetic material in the laboratory
Term
restriction enzymes (endonucleases)
Definition
proteins that recognize specific base sequences within DNA and cut the DNA at those locations

widespread in prokaryotes but rare in eukaryotes
Term
Type I and Type III
Definition
class of restriction enzyme that binds to DNA at the recognition sequence but cut the DNA some distance away
Term
Type II

(most useful)
Definition
class of restriction enzyme that binds and cleaves the DNA within their recognition sequence
Term
palindromes
Definition
inverted repeats that are recognized by restriction enzymes
Term
modification enzymes
Definition
proteins used to protect host DNA from its own restriction enzymes

shares the same recognition sequence as restriction enzyme and chemically modifies specific nucleotides within the sequence of the host so they cannot be cut (usually by methylation of the bases)
Term
gel electrophoresis
Definition
mechanism to separate the fragments of DNA using migration in an electrical field
(DNA moves toward positive electrode faster if smaller)
Term
nucleic acid hybridization
Definition
uses complementary base pairing of single strands of DNA or RNA from two different sources to give a hybrid double strand
Term
nucleic acid probes
Definition
segments of single-stranded DNA or RNA that are used in hybridization and for which the sequence is known
Term
southern blot
Definition
type of hybridization that uses DNA as the target and RNA or DNA as probe
Term
northern blot
Definition
type of hybridization that uses RNA as the target and DNA or RNA as the probe
Term
western blot
Definition
uses protein as target and uses antibody as the probe
Term
molecular cloning
Definition
isolation and incorporation of a piece of DNA into a vector so it can be replicated and manipulated
Term
vector
Definition
small, simple genetic element such as a plasmid or virus
Term
DNA (gene) library
Definition
variety of recombinants available through molecular cloning and vectors
Term
shotgun cloning
Definition
creation of a gene library by cloning random fragments of a genome
Term
site-directed mutagenesis
Definition
introduces mutations at precisely determined locations
Term
DNA cassettes
Definition
altered fragments of DNA created by removing a stretch of DNA and replacing with synthetic DNA with one or more changes
Term
knockout mutations
Definition
mutations in the middle of a gene that disrupt its function
Term
reporter genes
Definition
encode a protein that is easy to detect and assay

ex: lacZ, luciferase, green fluorescent protein
Term
gene fusions
Definition
constructs that contain segments from two different genes

usually a regulatory region (promoter) and coding sequence (reporter gene) to study gene regulation
Supporting users have an ad free experience!