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| The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells |
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| The set of reactions involved in energy storage and use |
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| A reaction that involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones |
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| The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy |
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| Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water (H2O) are split into hydrogen cations |
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| A reaction that involves the production of larger molecules from smaller ones |
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| The synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy |
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| A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form one single |
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Energy in motion
Thermal, electromagnetic, and electric energy |
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Stored energy
chemical and mechanical energy |
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| 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
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energy can be neither created nor destroyed
energy in a closed system is constant |
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| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
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Natural processes tend to proceed in the direction that spreads out the energy
Disorder tends to increase in natural system |
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A chemical reaction that releases energy
Exergonic reactions always proceed spontaneously in the forward direction |
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A chemical reaction that requires an energy input
Endergonic reactions do not go forward spontaneously; they go forward only when energy is put into them. |
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An increase n the concentration of reactants relative to products tends to push a reaction forward.
An increase in the concentration of products relative to reactants tends to pus a reaction in the reverse direction. |
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Additional energy that molecules must acquire in order to react
The difference between the energy of the transition state and the energy of the reactants or products. |
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| The start of the activation energy barrier |
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| The difference between the rate of the forward and reverse reaction |
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| Biomolecules, almost always proteins, specialized to act as catalysts (help the reation go more effetiantly) |
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