release super oxide anions that are potent and damage target cells

-       Phagocytic white blood cells first to arrive to site of infection

-       Example: neutrophils release NO-O oxide to damage E. histolytica

epithelial glycoproteins

            Example: Mucin found in epithelial areas where invasive E. histolytica damages

Example: enzymes profile that differentiate histolytica and dispar

contact site where lectin of amoeba binds to cell sugar receptor

Example: E. histolytica uses Gal/Gal Nac binding site (lectin & receptor)

sugar binding proteins

            Example: Gal/Gal Nac lectin of amoeba that binds to Gal/Gal Nac receptor of epithelial cell

protein released to create holes/pores for amoeba passageway

            Example: E. histolytica releases amoebapore to create pore in cell surface    membrane

contact bw amoeba and cell causes amoeba to release substances that are toxic to the cell

            Example: Gal/Gal Nac contact causes release of cysteine proteases and amoebapores that are toxic to cell

immunoglobulin A antibody in mucosal immunity

            Example: IgA, neutrophil, macrophages all needed together to fight histolytica in    circulation

one organisms benefits while the other is unaffected

            Example: noninvasive E. histolytica feeds in intestinal tract without invade tissue

populations of organisms based on enzyme profile

            Example: E. histolytica and E. dispar different cysteine protease

polyp on intestine/colon from amebiasis

            Example: E. histolytica causes amebiasis that form polyp on intestine

infection in intestines caused by E. histolytica amoeba

            Example: inflammation of colon caused by invasive E. histolytica

super oxide anion 

Example: released by neutrophils to damage target E. histolytica 

obligate intracellular parasite with apicoplasts

- Rhoptries = organelle releases substance that liquefies cell membrane and creates phagosome so parasite can enter the cell

            Example: Eimeria, malaria, Toxoplasma gondii

Oocyst, Sporozoite 

Oocysts contain sporocyst (cysts within a cyst)

            Sporocysts contain 2 sporozoites

            Sporozoites invasive form that initiates infection in host

Example: Eimeria oocysts contain 4 sporocysts that each contain 2 sporozoites

            Toxoplasma oocysts = 2 sporocyts = 4 sporozoites

After sporozoite invades host cell through parasitophorous vacuole

                        Asexual replication to form merozoites (smaller looking sporozoites)

                        Merozoites infect other host cells and continue replication

                        (1st generate sporozoite creates 100,000 merozoites)

                        (2nd generation only form 24 – 36 merozoites) 

            Merozoites infects host cell formation of gametocytes

                        Macrogametocyte (female) Microgametocyte (male)

                        Micro fertilizes Macro and forms zygote

                        Zygote is 2N (only form throughout process that is sexual, all other forms are asexual)

zygote form sporozoites