Term
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Definition
process that follows DNA replication in eukaryotes
normal form of nuclear division that results in 2 diploid daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
process of conversion from diploid to haploid state in eukaryotes
specialized form of nuclear division that results in 4 haploid gametes |
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Term
| use protein primer that stays attached to 5' end of DNA instead of RNA primer |
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Definition
| how do viruses and bacteria with linear chromosome replicate 5' end of DNA? |
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Term
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Definition
enzyme used by eukaryotes to replicate the ends of the chromosomes by binding to G-rich sequence and becoming active
makes long extension of leading strand so RNA polymerase can attach to the strand |
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Term
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Definition
| ends of chromosomes that contain repetitive DNA with G-rich 3' end |
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Term
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Definition
| alterations done to RNA molecules before they carry out their role in the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which introns are removed and exons joined |
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Term
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Definition
| large complex in nucleus that performs RNA splicing |
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Term
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Definition
processing step in the nucleus that adds a methylated guanine nucleotide to the 5' phosphate end of mRNA
(added in reverse orientation) |
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Term
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Definition
| trimming 3' end of the primary transcript and adding 100-200 adenlate residues as tail (part of RNA processing) |
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Term
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Definition
RNAs with catalytic activity
participate in some cellular reactions, including polypeptide synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
introns that fold to generate 3D structures with ribozyme activity
can excise themselves and join adjacent exons |
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Term
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Definition
| protein in eukaryotes that transcribes genes for the 2 large rRNA subunits |
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Term
RNA polymerase II
(similar to archaeal polymerase) |
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Definition
| protein in eukaryotes that transcribes protein-coding genes |
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Term
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Definition
| protein in eukaryotes that transcribes genes for tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and other small RNA molecules |
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Term
| TATA box and initiator element |
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Definition
| promoter recognized by RNA Pol II |
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Term
bacteria: N-formylmethionine
archaea: methionine with ribosome-binding site
eukarya: methionine with no ribosome-binding site (recognizes the cap) |
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Definition
| name the initiator tRNA that recognizes the start codon and inserts the first amino acid for each domain |
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Term
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Definition
cleaves dsRNA and destroys ssRNA corresponding to the targeted dsRNA sequence
only found in eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA specific nuclease which cleaves dsRNA over 20 bp long in eukarya into siRNA |
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Term
short interfering RNA
siRNA |
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Definition
| dsRNA fragments that are 21-23 bp long because they were cleaved by dicer |
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Term
| RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) |
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Definition
| complex that recognizes and destroys ssRNA that corresponds to siRNA (fragments of ssRNA bind to this complex) |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclease that is part of RISC and destroys certain ssRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| small dsRNA molecules that regulate translation in eukaryotic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme related to dicer that cuts pre-miRNA before it exits the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| protein complex that binds with miRNA and cellular mRNA to block translation without degrading the mRNA |
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