Term
| what does cartilage consist of |
|
Definition
| connective tissue (cells and matrix) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hyaline (articular)
elastic
fibrocartilage |
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|
Term
| where can fibrocartilage be found |
|
Definition
| at tendinous/ligamentous junctions |
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|
Term
| how do chondrocytes recieve nutrition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what provides the tensile strength to hyaline (articular) cartilage |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| primary collagentype of Hyaline cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does hyaline (articular) cartilage recieve its nutrition |
|
Definition
| compression and release of pressure |
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|
Term
| 3 zones of collagen fibers in hyaline cartilage |
|
Definition
superficial horizontal
middle random
deep vertical |
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|
Term
| what is below the deep vertical collagen fibers in hyaline cartilage |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Hyaline Cartilage: Grade 0 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hyaline Cartilage: Grade 1 |
|
Definition
| the cartilage has a soft spot/blisters or superficial wear |
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|
Term
| Hyaline Cartilage: Grade 3 |
|
Definition
| lesions have deep crevices of more than 1/2 the thickness of the cartilage layer |
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|
Term
| Hyaline Cartilage: Grade 4 |
|
Definition
| the cartilage tear is full thickness and exposes the underlying (subchondral) bone |
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|
Term
| Elastic cartilage is found where (3) |
|
Definition
external ear
epiglottis
larynx |
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|
Term
| why is fibrocartilage strong |
|
Definition
| endogenous collagen and matrix |
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|
Term
| fibrocartilage contains none of this substanec, which is common to other cartilages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 subcategories of perichondrium |
|
Definition
intraarticular
connecting
stratiform
circumferential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense CT with elastic fibers with a chondrogenic layer beneath it |
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|
Term
| where is intraarticular fibrocartilage found |
|
Definition
| meniscus (knee, wrist, AC, SC) |
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|
Term
| role of intraarticular fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
| space filler to improve geometry of the jt and decrease funciton |
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|
Term
| what is NOT a role of intraarticular fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
| it is not a force absorber |
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|
Term
| example of connecting fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| role of stratiform fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
| friciton spots at muscle/tendon junctions |
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|
Term
| role of circumferential fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
| joint spacers hips and shoulder (Labrum) |
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Term
|
Definition
| connect muscle to bone to transmit force |
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|
Term
| peritendon is made up of what 2 parts |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| peritendon is subject to stress and friciton which can lead to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attachement of tendon to bnoe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fibrous
fibrocartilgaionous |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflmmation of the sheath surrounding the tendon |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the body of the tendon |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| structure of the tendon as a result of stress/strain resulting in pain |
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|
Term
| what are the 4 zones of fibrocartilage entheses |
|
Definition
1) tendon
2) shift of fibrocartilage zone
3) shift of fibrocartilage zone
4) bone |
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|
Term
| 2 types of fibrous entheses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| periosteal fibrous entheses |
|
Definition
| tendon fibers attaches to the periosteum |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| direct attachment to the bone |
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|
Term
| what is the myotendinous junction |
|
Definition
| interdigitation of muscle and tendon fibers |
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|
Term
| the myotendinous junctions is senstive to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do muscular strian injuries occur |
|
Definition
| at the musculotendinous junction |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the myotendinous junction when loads are diminished |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ligament may blend with what 2 structures |
|
Definition
capsule
cartilage (meniscus) |
|
|
Term
| what are ligaments composed of |
|
Definition
primarily fibroblasts (10-20%)
remainder is ECM |
|
|
Term
| ligaments are mainly what type of collagen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ligament is mainly T1 collagen with this ligament being the exception |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ligaments are mainly T1 collagen, the ligamentum flavum is an exception, what is made up of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are ligaments formed to resist tensile load |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is collagen oriented in ligaments? |
|
Definition
| to the direction of the tensile load |
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|
Term
| fibrous ligament entheses blend to periosteum via what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| as muscle length increases what happens to active tension |
|
Definition
| raises from 0 and then decreases to 0 in a parabola |
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|
Term
| as muscle length increases what happens to passive tension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the velocity is negative and the muscle is lengthening what type of contraction is it |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| if the velocity is positive and the muscle is shortening what type of contraciton is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the velocity and length are 0 but force is Not zero what type of contraction is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
motions of the sagittal plane
axis of the sagittal plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
motions of the frontal plane
axis of the frontal plane |
|
Definition
abduction/adduction
sagittal |
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|
Term
motionso of the transverse plane
axis of the transverse plane |
|
Definition
rotational movemetns
vertical axis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| force or force applied to a structure |
|
|
Term
| the response of a tissue to a load is determined by what (4) |
|
Definition
magnitude
direction
rate of application
size and composition of tissue subjected to force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what occurs when an object is subected to a laod |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is deformation equal to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deformation Load Curve: what is occuring in the toe region |
|
Definition
| the tissue's slack is being taken up |
|
|
Term
| Deformation Load Curve: what is occuring in the elastic region |
|
Definition
| deformation is occuring but return is still possible |
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|
Term
| Deformation Load Curve: what is occuring in the plastic region |
|
Definition
| deformation is occuring but return is not possible |
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|
Term
| Deformation Load Curve: ultimate failure point |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Deformation Load Curve: where is the yield point? what is it? |
|
Definition
| end of the elastic region where the tissue will not immediately return to normal state . It may recover in time |
|
|
Term
| If a tissue has a bigger cross sectional area it means it has more resistance to what force |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which will deform more a longer or a shorter structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the load deformation curve reflects what |
|
Definition
| the structural properties |
|
|
Term
| how is tensile force measured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is compressive force measured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force per cross sectional area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the % change in length or cross sectional area |
|
|
Term
| 2 forces in the same direction result in what |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 2 forces in the opposite vertical direction result in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 forces in the opposite horizontal direction result in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 forces perpendicular to long axis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does Young's modulus measure |
|
Definition
| measure of the tissues stifness, resistance to external loads, resistance to deformation |
|
|
Term
| Young's modulus is represented how on a tissue's stress strain curve |
|
Definition
| slope of the lienar portion of the stress strain curve |
|
|
Term
| Young's Modulus as a formula |
|
Definition
| E = change in stress/change in strain for 2 consecutive points in the elastic zone |
|
|
Term
| Cortical Bone: E, stiffness, compliance |
|
Definition
high E
High stiffness
low compliance |
|
|
Term
| Fat: E, stiffness, compliance |
|
Definition
Low E
low stiffness
high compliance |
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|
Term
| how much force is need to straighten (Deform) tissues in the toe region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is there little force required to straighten (deform) tissue in the toe region |
|
Definition
| PGs and GAGs allow interfibrillar sliding |
|
|
Term
| In the elastic region, what type of relationship does strain have to stress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does strain having a linear relationship with stress in the elastic region imply |
|
Definition
| collagen is stretched and resists the force load, that the curve refelcts the type of collagen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| material ability to return to its original shape after deformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| materials resistance to flow, a fluid property |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| force applied to a constant level and maintained, deformation will gradually increase |
|
|
Term
| what is stress relaxation |
|
Definition
| tissue stretched to a fixed length regardless of load. The force required to maintain the position lessens or relaxes over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| force is applied and removed, the load deformation curve of loading and unloading does not follow the same path |
|
|
Term
| why does the curve of laoding and unloading not follow the same path in hysteresis |
|
Definition
| the yield point of the tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is strain rate sensitivity |
|
Definition
| property of a tissue to respond differently to different rates of load application |
|
|
Term
| as muscle length increases what happens to total tension |
|
Definition
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