-barriers

-mechanical

-chemical

-phagocytes

-skin

-mucous membranes/tight junctions

-cilia

-blinking

-sneezing

-coughing

-fatty acids

-stomach acid

-antigen specific

-vertebrates only

-responds faster to repeat infections

-actively acquired

-requires 2-3 weeks

-humoral immunity

-T cells and B cells

-96 hours (4 days) to start

-memory by clonal expansion

-not antigen specific

-myeloid lineage of cells (all leukocytes except lymphocytes)

-inflammatory response

-initiates adaptive immune response

-recruits other cells to the scene

-natural killer cells

-immediate (0-4 hours), induced (4-96 hours)

-broad recognition

-no memory

-macrophage

-neutrophil

-eosinophil

-basophil

-mast cell

-macrophages

-dendritic cells

-neutrophils

-eosinophils

-basophils

-lymphocytes

-monocytes

-phagocytosis

-activation of bactericidal mechanisms

-antigen presentation

-phagocytosis

-activation of bactericidal mechanisms

-allergic response

-augment anti-parasite immunity

-Natural Killer cells

-lymphocytes

-antigen specific leukocytes

-round nuclei

-antigen binding membrane receptors

-each lymphocyte recognizes one antigen

-granular lymphocytes

-lack specific antigen receptors

-recognize and respond to altered tissue typing on virus infected and cancer cells

-lymphoid lineage

-innate immunity

-Bone Marrow

-Thymus

-bring together leukoctes and antigen

-lymph system

-M cells (line mucous membranes)

-Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

-tonsils

-appendix

-peyers patches (mesentery, especially near the ileum)

Innate immunity:

-phagocytosis by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells

innate immunity:

-natrual killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells

-Lymph system

-innate immunity

-inflammation begins, release of chemokines and cytokines

-adaptive immunity begins: dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells. present antigen to T cells

-circulating (has not yet found antigen: naive)

-must recieve 2 signals to become effector cell: binds native antigen, receives cytokine or adhesion signal from T cell

-activates into plasma cell clones and secrete antibodies

-does not bind antigen, but processed antigen from antigen presenting cells

-if finds complementary, proliferates into clones that differentiate into effector cells (clonal expansion)

-if self: kills both

-if foreign: clonal expansion

-antigen presented to T cells and B cells by innate/myeloid lineage cells

-T cells and B cells become activated to specific antigen

-clonal populations

-can come from vaccination or disease exposure