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The study of the phenomena of living things
The study of the function of organisms |
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| The smallest living unit; separated from the environment by a membrane cells are the structural, functional, and reproductive units of living systems |
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| specialized to initiate and conduct electrical signals |
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Specialized to generate mechanical forces that produce movement
3 types
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle |
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Muscle that is generally connected to bone
voluntary |
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involuntary muscle
ex. heart |
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involuntary muscle
ex. blood vessels |
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| Specialized for the selective secretion and absorption of ions and organic molecules and for protection |
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| Cells form a continuous sheet like layer in combination with a thin underlying layer of non cellular material |
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| Stratified Epithelial tissue |
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| several cell layers thick |
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| cells that very in shape from short to flattened |
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| regular square shaped tissue |
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| tall and oblong sahped tissue |
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| interior cavity of a hollow organ or vessel |
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| organ specialized in the synthesis and secretion of a product |
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| secretes a product into a duct leading to the external environment |
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| secretes homemones in to the blood stream |
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| chemicals that communicate a message to cells in the body |
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| any structure whose primary function is to provide physical support for other structures, to anchor them in place, or to link them together |
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| Any collection of cells performing similar functions |
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| Two or more tissues combine to make up structures that preform particular functions |
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| collection of organs that work together to perform certain function |
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| liquid and gas are able to pass through it |
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| some things can pass through it |
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| The total volume of fluid enclosed within the outerepithelial layer |
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total body water includes water present in fluid located inside cells
rich in potassium |
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total body water includes water present in fluid located outside cells
rich in sodium |
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| the liquid, noncellular part of the blood |
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| fluid that lies around cells |
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| maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the internal environment |
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| A given variable may vary in the short term but is fairly constant when averaged over the long term |
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| A body characteristic maintained within relatively narrow limits |
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| A type of feedback commonly employed in homeostatic regulatory systems in which the response of a system goes in a direction opposite to the change that set it in motion |
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| The normal or desired value of the regulated variable in a homeostatic regulatory system |
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| A type of feedback in which the response of a system goes in the same direction as the change that set it in motion |
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| A Greek word meaning “siphon” or “flow through” which describes the excessive urine flow that characterizes the disease. |
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| A disease involving defects in insulin production and signaling. |
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Formerly referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus: insulin – dependent
Pancreas does not secrete insulin.
Accounts for only 5 – 10% of diabetes mellitus cases |
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| Type II Diabetes Mellitus |
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Definition
Characterized by the failure to respond to insulin when its levels are normal
Formerly referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult onset diabetes mellitus
Failure to respond to insulin has 2 consequences:
•Cell do not get enough glucose they need for energy
•The glucose levels in the blood rise. |
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| A subclass of Type II DM which develops in 4% of pregnant women |
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Blood glucose levels are elevated but not as much as in diabetes
Fasting blood glucose levels of 100 – 125 mg/dL |
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Differs from Diabetes Mellitus in that the problem lies not in regulating blood glucose levels, but rather in regulating plasma volume
Insipidus is Latin for having no flavor
The primary symptoms shared by people with diabetes mellitus and those with diabetes insipidus include copious urination and excessive thirst |
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