Term
| What event triggered the development of the acquired immune system? |
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Definition
| activation of RAG 1 & RAG 2 |
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Term
| What do the RAG genes do? |
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Definition
| produce enzymes which mediate recombination of B & T cell receptors |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of host defense? |
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Definition
Physical & physiological barriers
Innate immune system
Acquired immune system |
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Term
True or False
Fish slough inviable cells from the stratum corneum as a mechanism of establishing a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body |
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Definition
False
they have mucus flowing from the skin |
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Term
| What causes alarmins to be released? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
inflammation is no longer localized, can lead to sepsis, organ failure & death |
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Term
| Which type of immune response targets extracellular pathogens? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which type of immune response targets intracellular pathogens? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What must take place for an acquired immune response to develop? |
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Definition
-an innate immune response (APCs present antigens to antigen-specific lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissue)
-activation of lymph tissue results in proliferation/differentiation of effector immune cells (T & B) |
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Term
| What happens when APC present antigens from extracellular pathogens to antigen-specific T cells? |
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Definition
| T cells activate B cells, which differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells |
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Term
| What happens when APC present antigens from intracellular pathogens to T cells? |
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Definition
| T cells differentiate into effector T cells |
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Term
| How many whole genome duplication events are known to have taken place & what species were affected? |
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Definition
652+ MYA - affected all species
525-652 MYA - affected all species
326 MYA - affected bony fish
50 MYA - affected trout & salmon |
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Term
| What are the effects of whole genome duplication events? |
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Definition
-speciation
-copy number variation affecting mRNA expression
-development of pseudogenes
-development of non-coding RNA
-develop genes with new/different functions |
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