Term
| Treatment for Bacterial Blepharitis, which is the most common causative agent is Staph. Aureus (S. epidermidis also ID as a cause) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Drug of choice for Staphlyococcus Aures, Prevents formation of polysaccharide chain (bactericidal); Gram + spectrum; also against Neisseriae but other gram – are resistant, systemically causes renal necrosis; Inhibits cell membrane synthesis; |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of macrolides, Bacteriostatic, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis; Erythromycin Binds to 50s; Targets gram +; staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium Chlamydia, Poor activity against Haemophilus influenza; Resistance – 1. alteration in cell membrane permeability, and modification of 50s subunit binding site; Erythromycin is less toxic and should be given to children. |
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Term
| Drug of choice for Bacterial Blepharitis (2-3 year) |
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Definition
| Erythromycin (less toxic) |
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Term
| What are the two types of MGD |
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Definition
| Meibomian seborrhea – truly MGD no bacterial coloiniation; Meibomianitis (meibomitis) – overgrowth of bacteria as a consequence; MGD is a blockage of the meibomian gland ducts; |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, doxycicline, minocycline |
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Term
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Definition
| Basteriostatic, inhbit bacterial protein synthesis, binds to 30s subunit, Active against staphylococcus species and chlamydia,; No antiacids nor dairy products should be consumed; Not to be used at least 1 hour before a meal. Resistance includes impaired diffusion, bacteria protein synthesis interferes with binding, enzymatic inactivation. Dosage should be for Tetracycline 250 mg qid initially then qd, Doxycycline (DOC) 100 mg bid then 40 mg daily |
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Term
| Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline |
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Definition
| 60-70% absorbed interfered by bivalent cations, and 40-80% are protein bound, which means the more protein bound the less therapeutic effect it will have |
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Term
| Doxycycline and Minocycline |
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Definition
| have 95% absorption, less food interference, less protein bound |
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Term
| Adverse Effects for Tetracyclines |
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Definition
| GI disturbances, Pseudomembranous Colitis, Teratogenic defects, Premature epiphysis closure (defective bone formation) and teeth discoloriation in children under 12 years old. Pseudo tumor cerebri. |
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Term
| Alternative treatment for MGD |
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Definition
| Macrolides (erythromycin is a macrolide) |
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Term
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Definition
| Treatment for MGD, bacteriostatic, action in alkaline environment, inhibits bacteria, protein synthesis, They bind to 50s of the ribosomal complex and it will stop the polypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| GI absorption is variable, does not cross BBB cerebral spinal fluid distribution, NO dosage required for kidney dysfunction, resistance includes the alteration in cell membrane permeability, modification of 50s subunit binding site. |
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Term
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Definition
| Erythromycin,Clarithromycin (biaxin), Azythromycin (Zythromax (Z-Pack) |
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Term
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Definition
| Oral:base - base, estolate (best stability), sterate, and ethylsuccinate (drug of choice for the erythromycin, really good absorption, not as toxic and no GI upset), Staph. and Strep., Mycobacterium, Chlamydia; IV Lactobionate: Legionaire’s disease (legionella pneumophilia, Mycoplasma pneumonia; Poor Activity against Haemophilus |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic form of erthyromycin (an added methyl group), GI stable, same spectrum as erythromycin, excretion is biliary and renal, cost effective |
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Term
| Azythromycin (Zythromax (z-pack)) |
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Definition
| semi-synthetic form of erythromycin by adding a methylated nitrogen group, better spectrum (haemophilus) than the other macrolides and better activity, ½ life is approximate 2-4 days, not metabolized by cytochrome P-450, Not particularly used for MGD, a lot more expensive |
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Term
| Adverse effects for Macrolides |
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Definition
| GI disturbances, Pseudomembranesous colits, Cholestatic hepatitis (erythromycin estolate), drug interaction with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P-450 except azythromycine |
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Term
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Definition
| focal infection of the glands of Zieiss and Moll most often caused by S. Aureus |
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Term
| Treatments for External Hordeolum |
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Definition
| 1. Bacitracin, 2. Polymyxin B/bacitracin Ointment (a. a cationic surfactant that interacts with the phospholipids of the bacterial cell membrane, thus disrupting its osmotic, b. very active against gram negative organisms, very active against gram negative organisms (pseudomonas, haemophilis, C. Topical adverse reactions are infrequent and mild (SPK, allergic reaction) |
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Term
| Treatment of Choice for MGD |
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Definition
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