Term
Where do pre-B cells colonize in the following species?
Fish
Avian
Mammals |
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Definition
Fish - pronephros
Avian - bursa of Fabricious
Mammals - bone marrow, Peyer's patches |
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Term
True or False
Unlike T cells, B-cells do not undergo negative selection |
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Definition
False
They undergo negative selection while in the bone marrow equivalent tissues |
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Term
| When B-cells mature into plasma cells they secrete _____ as _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ and ____ are collectively referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ recognize free foreign antigens |
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Definition
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Term
| B cells secrete ____ while T cells secrete ____ |
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Definition
| immunoglobulins .... cytokines |
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Term
| Which are able to recognize wider variety of antigens, B cells or T cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What receptors to B cells express in the primary lymphoid organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do unstimulated B cells in secondary lymphoid organs secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens after B cells come in contact with T-dependent antigens in GCs? |
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Definition
-clonal expansion
-class switching from IgM to IgG/IgA/IgE |
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Term
| What directs the heavy chain rearrangement required for class switching? |
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Definition
| B cell CD40 ligation with Th cell CD154 |
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Term
| What cytokines are required in mice in order for production of IgG1 and IgE during class switching? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytokines are required in mice in order for production of IgG2a and IgG3 during class switching? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cytokines are required in mice in order for production of IgA during class switching? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the chain composition of immunoglobulins |
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Definition
2 identical heavy chains
1 light chain |
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Term
| What can the light chain be in mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can the heavy chain be in mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the constant region of immunoglobulin heavy chains |
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Definition
| made of several different domains, sometimes with a hinge region to provide flexibility (IgD, IgG, IgA) |
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Term
| The trans-membrane domain of the BCR is _____ to transmit an activating signal and therefore is dependent on _____ for signaling |
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Definition
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Term
| During B-cell activation, _____ on ____ act as docking sites for Src-tyrosine kinases ____ and ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the co-stimulatory molecules required for B-cell activation come from? (2) |
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Definition
antigen-specific Th cells activated by DC during a primary immune response
OR
macrophage/B cell during secondary immune response |
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Term
| What are the co-stimulatory signals for B cells to undergo clonal expansion & differentiation? |
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Definition
Th-cell CD154 - B cell CD40
Th-cell CD28 - B cell CD86
cytokines IL-4, 5, 6 and 13 |
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Term
| What co-stimulatory signal is required for B cell activation to T dependent/independent antigens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is required for a sustained B-cell response to occur? |
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Definition
| TLR ligation with PAMPS e.g. TLR4 |
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Term
| What regulates antibody production in mammals? |
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Definition
Fc receptors
e.g. IgG levels reach a threshold, IgG ligates with CD32 and cross linking to BCR, inhibits further Ab production |
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Term
| What are T-independent antigens? |
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Definition
| antigens which can induce Ab production without the presence of Th cells |
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Term
| The signal generated by T-independent antigens binding to B-cell TLRs & BCRs is not strong enough to cause _____ or _____ |
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Definition
| class switching or differentiation of memory B-cells |
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Term
| What antibody will be acting it T-independent antigens are present? |
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Definition
| only IgM (not strong enough signal to cause class switching) |
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Term
| What do memory B-cells express to avoid death? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary immune responses will involve plasma cells which have already differentiated into ____, ____ or ____ rather than ____ or ____ |
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Definition
IgG, IgE or IgA
IgM or IgD |
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Term
| The long-term production of antibodies by B-cells depends on what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibodies are secreted from mucosal surfaces? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibodies are secreted from lymph nodes, spleen and BM equivalent tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibodies are found in plasma? |
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Definition
primarily IgM and IgG
also IgA |
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Term
| What antibodys are not found in fish or chickens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major mammalian antibody during a secondary immune response |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False
IgG can activate the complement pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most ancient antibody isotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| IgM acts as what in its monomeric form? |
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Definition
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Term
| IgM is ____ in its antibody form |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major mammalian antibody during a primary immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is more effective at complement activation, agglutination and opsonization, IgG or IgM? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the transport of IgA (3) |
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Definition
-transported through epithelial cells by poly-Ig Fc receptor
-receptor is degraded
-secretory component remains attached to IgA dimer to prevent degradation in gut |
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Term
| What is the predominant antibody found in primate and pig milk? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which animal produce IgA? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| acts as antigen-specific signaling receptor for sentinal cells (mast cells, eosinophils) to trigger degranulation during parasitic infections |
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Term
True or False
IgE has a long half life and is very stable |
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Definition
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Term
| IgD is found in which animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the hypothesized reason for expression both IgM and IgD (both are BCRs) |
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Definition
| IgD is more flexible whereas IgM is not |
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Term
| IgD has been found to attach to ____ and ____, eliciting strong inflammatory reactions |
|
Definition
| fish granulocytes and human basophils |
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Term
| What is the evolutionary precursor of IgG and IgE? |
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Definition
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Term
| What immunoglobulin is unique to zebrafish? What is the equivalent in trout? |
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Definition
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Term
| FCyRI, FCyRII and FCyRIII bind to which CD receptors? |
|
Definition
RI - CD64
RII - CD32
RIII - CD16 |
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Term
| How is class switching from IgM to another isotype determined? |
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Definition
| -looping out, cutting and re-splicing variable genes from the H chain and replacing them with isotype-specific H genes |
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Term
| Are exons coding the secretory component & trans-membrane domain of IgM and IgD found at the 3' or 5' end? |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False
Each isotype is coded for by one specific gene |
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Definition
False
May be coded for by multiple genes |
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Term
| In bovines, IgG2 production is driven by ____ and is involved in ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| In bovines, IgG1 production is driven by ____ and is involved in ____ |
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Definition
Th2 cytokines
serum & milk |
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