Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lecture 13 Non HIV antivirals
Microbiology
64
Medical
Graduate
03/06/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, viruses for which it is indicated, and what it has its activity on: acyclovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HSV, and VZV, active against polymerase. 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, viruses for which it is indicated, and what its activity is against: valacyclovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HSV, and VZV. Active against polymerase 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class,, viruses for which it is indicated, and what its activity is against: famciclovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HSV, and VZV. Active against polymerase. 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against : penciclovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HSV. Activity against polymerase. 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: trifluorothymidine?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HSV. Activity against polymerase. 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: gancyclovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for CMV. Activity against polymerase. 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: valganciclovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for CMV. Activity against polymerase. 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: cidofovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for resistant CMV. Activity against polymerase. 13-2
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: foscarnet?
Definition
Polymerase inhibitor. Indicated for nucleoside analogue resistant HSV and CMV. Activity against polymerase. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: fomivirsen?
Definition
Anti-sense mRNA. Indicated for CMV-retinitis. Activity against translation. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: amantidine?
Definition
Ion channel blocker (HA). Indicated for Influenza A. Activity against uncoating. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against:rimantidine?
Definition
Ion channel blocker (HA). Indicated for Influenza A. Activity against uncoating. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: oseltamivir?
Definition
Sialic acid analogue (NA). Indicated for Influenza A and B. Activity against virus release. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: zanamivir?
Definition
Sialic acid homologue (NA). Indicated for Influenza A and B. Activity against virus release. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: peramivir?
Definition
Sialic acid homologue (NA). Indicated for Influenza A and B. Activity against virus release. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: ribavirin?
Definition
Nucleotide analogue. Indicated for RSV, HCV, and Lassa. Inhibits viral mRNA. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: palivizumab?
Definition
Monoclonal antibody. Indicated for RSV. Activity against virus entry. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: interferon alpha?
Definition
Immunomodulator. Indicated for HCV, HBC, and HPV. Activity is against host factors. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: imiquimod?
Definition
Cytokine inducer. Indicated for HPV. Activity is against host factors. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: lamivudine?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HBV, and HIV. Activity against polymerase. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: adefovir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HBV. Activity against polymerase. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against:entacavir?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. indicated for HBV. Activity against polymerase. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: telbivudine?
Definition
Nucleoside analogue. Indicated for HBV. Activity against polymerase. 13-3
Term
For the following anti-viral, name its drug class, and viruses for which it is indicated and what its activity is against: pleconaril?
Definition
Class??? Indicated for enterovirus. Activity?????. 13-3
Term
Name eight organisms for which the vaccines are attenuated virus and may not be safe for immunocompromised patients.
Definition
Measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever, smallpox, polio (OPV), influenza (flumist).
Note IM influenza and IPV polio are dead virus.
13-4
Term
Name eight organisms for which the vaccines are inactivated (dead) viruses.
Definition
HAV, HBV, (HEV coming soon), Influenza (not mist), HPV, Polio (IPV), Rabies, and rotavirus.
13-3
Term
Name 6 viruses for which passive immunization is available.
Definition
HAV, HBV, VZV, Rabies, CMV, and RSV.
13-5
Term
Name the 4 anti-viral actions of cytokine (interferon) and cytokine inducer (imiquimod).
Definition
Induce viral mRNA degradation
Inhibit viral protein synthesis
Enhance CTL activity
Enhance NK cell activity
13-5
Term
Name the four principles of antiviral drugs and their use.
Definition
They should target virus specific proteins, and not host.
They only act on actively replicating viruses
They must be used very early in infection to be effective
Drug resistance develops rapidly
13-5
Term
What is the target for the nucleoside analogue class of anti-virals?
Definition
Viral polymerase
13-6
Term
For the anti-viral drugs ending in "-clovir", what must happen in the cell for them to be active?
Definition
They must gain an initial phosphate from the viral enzyme thymidine kinase, and two additional phosphates from host enzymes. 13-6
Term
What are two mechanisms of resistance that happen against the anti-virals acyclovir and penciclovir?
Definition
Reduced or absent viral thymidine kinase Decreased viral polymerase affinity for ACV-TP/PCV-TP. 13-7
Term
What drug should be used in viruses with induced acyclovir resistance (who would otherwise be susceptible)?
Definition
Foscarnet.
13-7
Term
T/F. Genital herpes is transmissible if the affected patient is undergoing viral suppressive therapy.
Definition
True. Suppressive therapy only reduces sexual transmission by 50%.
13-7
Term
Which virus requires the higher dose of acyclovier: HSV, or VZV?
Definition
VZV requires the larger dose.
13-7
Term
T/F. Acyclovir therapy is indicated to reduce the symptoms of VZV causes shingles.
Definition
False. No anti-viral therapy is indicated for shingles.
13-7
Term
What is the window to treat chicken pox with anti-virals and which should you use?
Definition
<3 days in adults. Use acyclovir/valacyclovir.
13-7
Term
What is different between acyclovir and valacyclovir?
Definition
Bioavailibility. Valacyclovir is 3 to 5 times greater, but it is also more expensive.
13-8
Term
What viral enzyme is ganciclovir phosphorylated by?
Definition
UL97.
13-8
Term
What is the unique toxicity of ganciclovir (compared to other similar anti-viral nucleoside analogues)?
Definition
Bone marrow suppression.
The other anti-virals may cause nephrotoxicity, but not bone marrow suppression.
13-8
Term
What is the main drawback to fascarnet anti-viral therapy? When is it indicated?
Definition
It is directly toxic to renal tubules.
Causes renal insufficiency.
Used in viruses resistant to acyclovir and ganciclovir.
13-8
Term
Name the 2 ion channel blockers.
Definition
Amantidine and rimantadine.
13-8
Term
Name the 3 sialic acid analogues.
Definition
Zanamivir, Oseltamivir, and Peramivir.
13-9
Term
Which of the following acquisitions of HBV infection is more likely to produce a chronic carrier state: perinatal transmission from mother to newborn, or adult acquisition via sex or body fluid?
Definition
Perinatal transmission causes chronic active hepatitis in majority of cases (80%). Adult infection is mainly self limited (80%)
13-10
Term
What treatment is indicated in HCV infection?
Definition
Pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 6-12 months.
13-10
Term
What is the mechanism of action of ribavirin?
Definition
It decreases the nucleotide pool and inhibits viral mRNA. It is active against many RNA viruses, and available as PO, IV and inhaled.
13-11
Term
Name the 5 nucleotide analogues that are used for chronic HCV infection.
Definition
Lamivudine Adefovir Entecavir Telbivudine Tenofovir 13-12
Term
What is the name of the monoclonal antibody specific for RSV?
Definition
Palivizumab.
13-13
Term
What is palivizumab?
Definition
It is a monoclonal antibody specific for RSV and available only IV. It is used prophylactically for infants at risk (immunocompromised).
13-13
Term
Name the two second line nucleoside analogue antiviral drugs.
Definition
Foscarnet
Cidofovir
13-8
Term
Ribavirin is used for HCV infections, but not HBV. What is a likely reason for this?
Definition
Ribavirin is active against RNA viruses (HCV) by inhibiting viral mRNA.
HBV is a DNA virus so would not be susceptible.
13-11
Term
If a an antiviral ends in -ivir, what is its indication, drug class, and activity?
Definition

indication: Influenza A and B

Drug class: Sialic acid analogue

Activity on: Virus release

Term
What is the only antiviral with activity on polymerase that is NOT of the drug class nuceloside inhibitor?
Definition
Foscarnet (drug class: polymerase inhibitor)
Term
If an antiviral ends in -ovir, what drug class is it and what is its activity on?
Definition
It's a nuceloside analogue w/ activity against polymerase.
Term
Which are the antiviral drug class: nuceloside analogues that don't end in -ovir? What is their activity against?
Definition

Trifluorothymidine

Lamivudine

Entecavir

Telbivudine

Activity against polymerase (just like all nucleoside analogues)

Term
What causes Kaposi sarcoma?
Definition
Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) or KSHV
Term
Symptomes of HSV?
Definition
Fever blisters, genital herpes, encephalitis
Term
Symptoms of CMV?
Definition
Retinitis, colitis, pneumonia
Term
Manifestations of EBV?
Definition
Mononucleosis, lymphoma
Term
Manifestations of VZV?
Definition
Chix pox, shingles
Term
Manifestations of RSV?
Definition

RSV is respiratory synctial virus

bronchitis, pneumonia

Term
Manifestations of Enterovirus?
Definition
Diarrhea, meningitis
Term
What is unique about antiviral Ribavirin?
Definition
Only one that's indicated for Lassa virus (also indicated for HCV and RSV). Only one that's a nucleotide analogue for its drug class. Only one that acts as an inhibitor of viral mRNA
Term
Which 3 viruses were described as "immediately lethal?"
Definition
Ebola, Hanta, Yellow Fever
Supporting users have an ad free experience!