Term
| name the 4 loop diuretics |
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Definition
| Furosemide, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic Acid, Torsemide (FBET) |
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Term
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Definition
| block Cl- and Na+ reabsorption and prevent passive H2O reabsorption in thick ascending LOH |
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Term
| loop diuretics - 4 indications |
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Definition
| pulmonary edema, edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrosis), HTN, hypercalcemia |
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Term
| Loop diruetics - 2 major AEs and 4 others |
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Definition
Major: dehydration and hypotension
Others: electrolyte imbalance (all Hypo esp. K+), hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, ototoxicity |
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Term
| thiazide diuretics all have an... |
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Definition
| unsubsituted sulfonamide group |
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Term
| list 5 thiazide diuretics |
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Definition
| Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, diazoxide, indapamide, metolazone |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit NaCl reabsorption from luminal side of epitheial cells in DCT |
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Term
| thiazide diuretics - 3 clinical indications |
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Definition
| HTN (DOC for initial HTN, hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
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Term
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Definition
similar to those of loop diuretics
hypercalcemia/hyperglycemia, NO ototoxicty |
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Term
list 3 potassium-sparing diuretics
Sprinolactone MOA |
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Definition
spironolactone, eplerenone, triameterene
blocks action of aldosterone via competitive antagonism of cytoplasmic mineralcorticoid receptors in distal nephron (DCT + CT)
*active metabolite = canrenone |
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Term
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Definition
| states of aldosterone excess inc. CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, gynecomastia/impotence |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks binding of aldosterone to mineralcorticoid receptor |
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Term
| eplerenone principal risk |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| influences Na+/K+ exchange in distal nephron |
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Term
| triameterene clinical indications (2) |
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Definition
HTN, mild edema
**usually combined w/another diuretic such as a thiazide one
**Amiloride blocks luminal Na+ channels |
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Term
| CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS - MOA and predominant site |
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Definition
catalyze dehydration of H2CO3, which is a critical step in HCO3 reabsorption-->inhibition of Carb. anhydrase causes diuresis and reduction in total body HCO3 stores
site - luminal membrane of PCT
**used very infrequently |
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Term
| list 4 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors |
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Definition
acetazolamide (common), dichlorphenamide, methazolamide, dorzolamide
**SO2NH2 group essential for activity |
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Term
| clinical actions of CAIs (4) |
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Definition
| increase urine volume, decrease HCO3- in blood (metabolic acidosis), hypokalemia, alkaline pH urine |
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Term
| 4 clinical indications CAIs |
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Definition
| glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, reduction of total body HCO3 stores, acute mountain sickness |
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Term
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Definition
| hypokalemia, COTRAINDICATED in cirrhosis |
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Term
| OSMOTIC DIURETICS - name 1 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| creates osmotic force w/in lumen of nephron-->prevents H2O reabsorption in those segments freely permeable to H2O (PCT and descending loop of Henle) |
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Term
| osmotic diuretics - clinical indications (2) |
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Definition
prophylaxis of renal shutdown, reduction of intracranial or intraocular pressure (ex. head trauma post-op neurosurgery)
**only administered IV |
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Term
| most common electrolyte that gets screwed up and 3 high content sources |
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Definition
potassium
dried figs, molasses, seaweed |
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Term
| 2 important potassium replacement products |
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Definition
| potassium chloride (most concentrated), potassium bicarbonate |
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Term
| what fluid gives physiological osmolality and is administered IV? |
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Definition
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Term
| Magnesium Sulfate indications (4) |
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Definition
seizure prevention in eclampsia and pre-eclasmpsia
tx cardiac arrhythmias (hypomagnesemia, torsades de pointes)
soft-tissue injuries
status asthmaticus |
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Term
| When is magnesium sulfate administered IV vs topical? (also available oral and IM) |
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Definition
IV - w/cardiac issues
topical - w/soft tissue injuries |
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Term
| 3 types of oral magnesium replacement |
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Definition
| Mg Oxide/chloride/lactate |
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