Shortness of breath/

Difficulty exerting air

4 main Benzodiazepines

(generic name)

1. Midazolam

2. Triazolam

3. Diazepam

4. Lorazepam

4 main Benzodiazepines 

(Trade name)

1. Versed (Mida)

2. Halcion (Triazo)

3. Valium (Diaze)

4. Ativan (Loraze)

pO2 of COPD patients

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage I: ~75

Stage II: ~60

Stage III: below 50 (WORST)

Midazolam (Versed):

Oral dosage & when:

Max dosage/day: 

Oral Dosage: 0.25-0.50mg/kg 30-40min before Tx

Max dosage/day: 20mg

Triazolam (Halcion):

Oral dosage & when:

Max dosage/day: 

For robus elderly pt:

Oral dosage: 0.25mg at bedtime (hs)

+ 0.25mg 1hr before Tx

Max dosage: 0.25mg

Robust elder pt: same procedure but 0.125mg

Diazepam (Valium)

•Oral dosage & when:

•Max dosage/day: 

•Petite pt. dosage

•Robust elderly pt dosage: 

•Oral dosage & when: 5 or 10mg hs + 1hr Tx

•Max dosage/day: 10mg (normal) or 5mg (petite or robust)

•Petite pt. dosage: 2 or 5mg hs + 1hr Tx

•Robust elderly pt dosage: 2 or 5mg tablet hs + 1hr Tx

No Benzodiazepine on following types of patients

(7)

1. ASA/CP category 3&4 

2. COPD stage 2 & 3

3. Pregnant

4. Frail elderly

5. Obese

6. + CNS med

7. + H2 blocker med

Benzodiazepine Antidote ?

Flumazenil 

(Trade: Romazicon)

0.1mg-0.2mg for 15sec

0.2mg every 1 min until 1mg given

True or false:

Patients with liver cirrhosis cannot

take Azythromycin

True

Taking azythromycin in patients with cardiac disease

will lead to acute ventricular arrhythmia

True or False:

If patient is taking Digoxin or Theophylline, 

do not use Clarithromycin on this patient

Q: Why??

True!

Clarithromycin is a potent 3A4 inhibitor.

* 3A4 enz interact with Digoxin & Theophylline and inhibiting this enzyme will elevate the level of digoxin & theophylline and this will ultimately lead to elevated drug toxicity.  

1 grain = mg

1 grain = 60mg

             (= 0.06g)

1 dram = ? g

1 dram = 3.89 g

1 tablespoon = ? mL

15mL

1 teaspoon = ? mL

5mL

1 mL = ? drops

15-16 drops

qd ? 

everyday 

bid

twice daily

tid

three times daily

qid

four times daily

od

everyday

ac

before meal

pc

after meal

hs

at bedtime

qhs

"everyday" at bedtime

disp

dispense

prn

as needed

PO

by mouth (oral)

stat

immediately

sq or sc

subcutaneous

sig or signa

directions for use

mcg or µg

micrograms