Term
| What drugs are the prototypes for muscarinic antagonists? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscarinic antagonist has the greatest CNS effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| Euphoria, drowsiness, amnesia, fatigue, and dreamless sleep are more likely to be caused by which drug? |
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Definition
| Scopolamine, due to CNS effects |
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Term
| What kind of effects can atropine have on heart rate? |
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Definition
| Low dose can cause initial bradychardia followed by extended tachycardia |
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Term
| Which drug would you prescribe for motion sickness prevention? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would you apply antimuscarinic eye drops? |
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Definition
| For examination of retina and optic disc, causes mydrasia and cycloplegia (both atropine and scopolamine) |
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Term
| In what situation would you use atropine for CV use? |
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Definition
| short term intervention to counteract reflex vagal cardiac slowing |
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Term
| What drugs would you use to bronchodilate patients with COPD? How are they administered? |
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Definition
| Ipratropium and Tiotropium via inhalation |
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Term
| How do antimuscarinics treat overactive bladder? |
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Definition
| Relax smooth muscle --> relax bladder spasm --> slow voiding |
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Term
| What is the preferred antimuscarinic for overactive bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference in ipatropium and tiotropium pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
Ipra - quick acting, 2-5 hour duration
Tiotro - longer onset, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 hepatic metabolism, 5-6 day half life |
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Term
| What are the common adverse effects of Oxybutynin? |
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Definition
| Dry mouth, dry eyes, constipation |
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Term
| Anticholinergic Toxidrome |
|
Definition
| Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, blind as a bat |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
| dry mouth, reduced GI secretions and motility, urinary retention |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, seizures, coma |
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Term
|
Definition
| large, nonreactive pupils, blurred vision |
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Term
| At what dose of atropine would you be wary of weak pulse, ataxia, hallucinations, delirium, and coma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the earliest adverse effects of atropine? |
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Definition
| dry mouth and decreased sweating |
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Term
| What drug is given to reverse atropine toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug is given to reverse quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you differentiate between anticholnergic and sympathomimetic toxicities? |
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Definition
anticholinergics: large nonreactive pupils; absent bowel sounds; red, dry, warm skin
sympathomimetics: large reactive pupils, normal bowel sounds; cool, diaphoretic skin |
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Term
| In what conditions are antimuscarinics contraindicated? |
|
Definition
| Narrow angle glaucoma, enlarged prostate, tachycardia, Peptic Ulcers/GERD, GI obstructions, Myasthenia Gravis |
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Term
| In what population are antimuscarinics extremely risky? |
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Definition
| infants and yound children-very small doses can cause serious adverse effects, especially hyperthermic effects |
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Term
| In what population do you need to be very careful prescribing antimuscarinics? |
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Definition
| Elderly population. they are more susceptible to adverse CNS effects |
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Term
| What drug would you prescribe preoperatively to reduce saliva and resp tract secretions? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What drug would you give for cholinomimetic poisoning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug would give as a preanesthetic to reduce GI secretions? |
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Definition
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