Term
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Definition
semi-rigid matrix with a defined border that follows the contour of the bacterial cell;
excludes India ink particles |
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Term
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Definition
| non-rigid matrix that’s easily deformed, does not exclude India ink particles |
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Term
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Definition
| polysaccharide that is a component of many bacterial capsules and slime layers |
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Term
| Functions of Capsules and slime layers |
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Definition
water retention (resist desiccation), physical protective barrier, promote
cell aggregation/flocculation (forming colonies), adhesion to surfaces (both biological and non-biological),
role in pathogenesis (for some bacteria), formation of biofilms |
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Term
| S-layers (what are they made of) |
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Definition
highly ordered, 2-dimensional paracrystalline array
either single protein or glycoprotein subunit |
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Term
| S-layers (what types of prokaryotes use them) |
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Definition
| Some archaea have a crystalline S-layer as the exclusive rigid cell-wall component. Gram positive and negative bacterium have S-layers as a component of their cell walls. |
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Term
| Pseudomurein (Pseudopeptidoglycan) |
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Definition
•Found in some methanogenic Archaea
•N-acetylalosaminuronic acid replaces N-acetylmuramic acid
•Lysozyme insensitive bond |
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Term
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Definition
Bind bacteria to host cell surfaces by recognizing and binding to specific carbohydrates
Protein-carbohydrate receptor interactions enable piliated bacteria to exhibit tissue
tropism and host selectivity in colonization
Many different types, vary in carbohydrate specificity
Important virulence factor (helps in attachment and invasion) for certain pathogens, e.g., uropathogenic E. coli (main
pathogen causing urinary bladder infections in females) |
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Term
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Definition
Specialized “sex pili” involved in bacterial conjugation
some pili aid in twitching motility |
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Term
| 4 Major types of active mechanisms of dispersal (movement) in prokaryotes |
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Definition
1. Gas vesicles
2. Gliding motility
3. Flexing periplasmic axial filament (spirochetes)
4. Rotation of external flagellum |
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Term
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Definition
Hollow internal structures that are made out of 2 protiens (GvpA and GvpC)
in some aquatic bacteria (cyanobacteria) gas vesicles are used for buoyancy |
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Term
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Definition
Propulsion by movement of gliding proteins on outer membrane
Powered by proton motive force |
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Term
| Prokaryotic flagella vs. eukaryotic flagella |
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Definition
| Differs from eukaryotic flagellum in several ways: size (smaller), mode of action(rotation vs. whip), energy source (proton motive force vs. ATP) |
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Term
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Definition
| one flagella on on end of the bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
| one flagellum on the side |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple flagella on one side of the bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple flagella on both poles |
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Term
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Definition
all over
Moves in a "run and tumble" or a "random walk"
Tumble is when the flagella rotate CW |
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Term
| 3 main components of the bacterial flagellum |
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Definition
1. Basal body
2. Hook
3. Filament
(in order of construction) |
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Term
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Definition
| C ring (c for cytoplasm) and MS ring are rotated by the Mot (for MOTor) protien. The P ring is in the Peptidoglycan and the L ring is connected to the hook near the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) |
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Term
| Reversible vs unidirectional flagella (polar) |
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Definition
reversible: cell can move in two directions. In peritrichous bacteria reversing the direction will cause a "tumble" Unidirectional: cell can only move in one direction, but can reorient itself.
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Term
| Alder Capillary Tube experiment |
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Definition
| a capillary tube filled with a chemical is put in a beaker with bacteria. The chemical can be determined to be an attractant, repellent or neither with respect to the bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| the specificity of a pathogen for a particular host tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| a pathogen that targets the urinary system. (uropathogenic E.coli) |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of bacteria to a more abundant source of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
destructive to bacteria
ineffective against pseudomurein |
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