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Lecture 1 - Brain and Behavior
information from MJ Wraga's (Smith College proffessor) power point presentation
26
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Bigger Concepts (1/6)

 

Hemisphere Specificity

Definition

left primarily responsible for language comprehension and creation, labeling

 

right primarily responsible for spatial processing

Term

Hemisphere Specificity

 

Broca's Findings

Definition

patient has stroke.

damages left frontal lobe.

has language deficit (could only say tan).

Broca's area responsible for

language production

Term

Hemisphere Specificity

 

Wernike's Findings

Definition

patient has stroke.

damages left temporal lobe.

has difficulty comprehending speech.

says stuff that doesn't make any sense.

 

Wernicke's area responsible for

language comprehension.

Term

Hemisphere Specificity

 

Information Processing

Definition

visual center of left side of the brain sees right visual field (operates with right side of each eye)

and vice versa. 

Term

Hemisphere Specificity

 

Hemispatial Neglect

Definition

damage to right parietal lobe.

patients can see but cannot pay attention to the left side of the visual field.

this changes based on distance the object is from the viewer

Term

Bigger Concepts (2/6)

 

NEUROACTIVITY

Definition

neuron sits at resting potential.

triggered by stimulation or by chemical processes.

inside negatively charged.

charge builds until it reaches the action potential.

valves in dendrites are opened.

positive ions rush in.

action potential travels down the axon.

positive ions pumped out of the neuron.

resting potential achieved.

neurotransmitters released into synapse.

neurotransmitters come to rest in receptor sites. 

valves are opened, positive ions rush into next neuron.

neurotransmitters return to respective neuron.

Term

Neuroactivity

 

AGONISTS

Definition

stimulate or facilitate actions of neurotransmitters

sometimes drugs will pretend to be a neurotransmitter or keep it from being reabsorbed

 

has an excitatory effect.

Term

Neuroactivity 

 

ANTAGONISTS

Definition

inhibit or block actions of neurotransmitters.

 

has an inhibitory effect.

Term

Bigger Concepts (3 and 4/6)

 

Imaging Techniques and

Methodology

 

 

Definition

extracranial brain stimulation

TMS

electrical recording

EEG

static imaging

CT or CAT, MRI

functional imaging

PET, fMRI

 

Term

Imaging Techniques and Methodology

 

TMS

Definition

transcranial magnetic stimulation

 

wire coil delivers magnetic pulse.

induces pysiological current (neurons fire)

Term

Imaging Techniques and Methodology

 

EEG

Definition

Electroencephalogram

 

recording of electrical activity in the cortex

Term

Imaging Techniques and Methodology

 

CAT

Definition
3-D X-ray
Term

Imaging Techniques and Methodology

 

MRI

Definition

magnetic resonance imaging

 

creates 3-D magnetic spatial fields

Term

Imaging Techniques and Methodology

 

PET

Definition

radioactive tracer detection

scans for 15O

in bloodstream

Term

Imaging Techniques and Methodology

 

fMRI

Definition

functional magnetic resonance imaging

 

detects changes in magnetic field 

Term

Bigger Concepts (5/6)

 

Placticity

Definition

the reorganization of brain areas

after damage or change in environment

 

(monkey with sewn together fingers)

 

because of greater usage

 

(taxi driver with more memory devoted to maps)

 

phrenology

Term

Placticity 

 

Phrenology

Definition

Franz Joseph Gall

different regions of brain responsible for different things

 

greater the ability, the larger the corresponding brain region

 

larger bumps on skull corresponding to personal capabilities

 

brain is not a single, undifferentiated system.

Term

Anatomical Differences

 

HINDBRAIN

Definition
medulla, pons, cerebellum
Term

Anatomical Differences

 

MIDBRAIN

Definition

superior and inferior culliculi

reticular formation

 

Term

Anatomical Differences

 

FOREBRAIN

Definition
thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system
Term

Anatomical Differences

 

Structural Differences


Definition

gray matter= cell bodies 

(cerebral cortex)

white matter= axons

(inside brain)

Term

Anatomical Differences

 

Frontal Lobe

Definition

planning and execution of movement/behavior

 

higher-order cognition

Term

Anatomical Differences

 

Parietal Lobe

Definition

somatosensory perception

attention

 

spatial processing

 

 

Term

Anatomical Differences

 

Temporal Lobe

Definition

memory

 

 

auditory processing

object recognition

 

Term

Anatomical Differences

 

Occipital Lobe

Definition
visual processing
Term

Anatomical Differences

 

Motor and Somatosensory Projection Areas

Definition

motor areas in charge of motion and motor neurons

 

somatosensory areas in charge of feeling and sensory neurons

 

somatosensory homunculus=

representation of the human body in proportion to the areas of the brain

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