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Lec 5 Foreign & Zoonotic Diseases
foreign & zoonotic diseases
19
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
10/21/2014

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Cards

Term
What is a foreign animal disease?
Definition
a disease predominantly foreign to Canada
Term
What are reportable animal diseases?
Definition
Diseases which must be reported by law
-significant economic, trade, food security impact & can easily spread and become an epidemic
Term
True or False

All reportable diseases are FADs
Definition
False

All FADs are reportable, but not vice versa. E.g. rabies is reportable but not foreign!
Term
What governing body would oversee the response to an incidence of an FAD in Canada?
Definition
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Term
What is done to protect Canada from serious diseases?
Definition
-FADs must be reported
-do not allow import of susceptible animals/products from infected countries
-travellers must report going to a farm while abroad
Term
Why are FADs and reportable animal diseases so serious?
Definition
Globalization
-more trade, faster trade,
-facilitated travel

Conflict & civil unrest
-some countries have difficulty enforcing quarantines

Consumerism & industrialization
-restructuring if agricultural systems
e.g. swine raised indoors in Canada

Economy
-can destroy a country's economy
Term
What are the agent & hosts of Foot-and-Mouth Disease?
Definition
Agent: apthovirus

Host: multi-species - cloven-foted mammals e.g. sheep, pigs, cattle, deer
Term
What is the #1 reportable animal disease worldwide?
Definition
FMD
Term
Can FMD infect humans?
Definition
very rarely, will be a mild form
Term
True or False

Horses are resistant to FMD
Definition
true
Term
Describe the epidemiology of FMD in different species
Definition
-affect cloven footed mammals

-pigs are the mots potent excretors of the airborne virus
-cattle most susceptible to airborne virus
-sheep can be asymptomatic carriers
Term
How is FMD transmitted?
Definition
Directly: contact with infected animals
-skin lesions, urine, feces, inhalation

Indirect: fomites, hay, vehicles

Airborne: can travel long distances

Humans & fomites
Term
True or False

FMD can survive on a fomite for up to 3 months
Definition
False

6-8 months!
Term
What are the clinical signs of FMD?
Definition
-acutely high fever
-blisters in mouth, coronet bands, udder
-salivating
-lameness
-loss of appetite, decrease milk prod.
Term
Can an animal recover from FMD?
Definition
Yes, many do but the suffering during the viral infection is so great that euthanasia is the more humane option
Term
How can FMD be prevented?
Definition
Biosecurity
-isolate new animals
-purchase semen, feed, bedding from known sources

Humans
-clean clothing
-stay off farm min. 14 days after visiting an infected country
Term
What is the treatment for FMD?
Definition
there is none

also very resistant to disinfectants
Term
What would happen if an outbreakof FMD were to occur in Canada?
Definition
-humane destruction of all infected & exposed animals
-tracing to ID locations of potentially infected/exposed animals
-quarantine & restricted movements
-zoning to define infected & 'safe' areas
Term
What are some of the major concerns for the canadian agricultural industry if an outbreak of a foreign animal disease were to occur?
Definition
-shut down of exports
-restricting farm-farm movement may impinge on welfare (overcrowding)
-rapid spread
-disposal of carcasses
-economy
-human health issues (mental)
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