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| A systematic, relatively permanent change on behavior that occurs through experience |
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| Make connection between events |
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| Learning process in which neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response |
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| Stimulus that producese a response without prior learing |
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| Previously neutral stimulus-elicits CR after being paired with UCS |
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| Discrinmination/Generalization |
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Definition
Generalization- Tendency of a new stimulus that i similat to the original CS to elicit a CR
Discrimination-Process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others |
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| Conditioned Fears/ Little Albert |
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Definition
| Little Albert was taught to be afaraid of white mouses then was later on conditioned to have a fear of all white objects |
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UCS produces a UCR (reflex)
Neutral stimulus (NS) paired with a UCS
After pairing, NS preoduces a CR
THe NS has become a CS |
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| You have to present the CS before the USC |
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CR is weakened by presenting the CS without the USC
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| CR recurs after a time dely and without additional learning |
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| A decrease in antibodies,which can lower a person's ability to fight disease |
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| A special kind of classical conditioning involving the learned associtation between a particular taste and nausea |
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| instrumental conditioning, a form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence |
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| An increase in the frequency of a behavior in response to the subsequent presentation of something that is good. |
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| An increase in the frequency of a behavior in response to the subsequent of removal of something that is unpleasent |
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| The presentation of an unpleasant stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior |
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| The removal pf a positive stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior |
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Term
| Pirmary Vs. Secondary Reinforcers |
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Definition
Pirmary- A reinforcer that is innatley satisfying; one that does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable
Secondary- A reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's experience; a secondary reinforcer is learned or conditioned reinforcer |
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| Behavior decreases when reinforcement stops |
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| specific patterns that determins when a behavior will be reinforced |
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| Issues/problems with punishment |
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Definition
| if you punsh a child for something that they did wrong can be a reward because they are getting out of something that was painful for them |
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Definition
| Rewarding approximations of a desired behavior |
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| Learning process in which a neutral stimulas becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response |
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| A form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probability of the behavior's occurrence |
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| Learing that occurs when a person observes and initates another's behavior |
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| tendency of animals to revert to instinctive behavoir that interferes with learning |
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| species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others |
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| Science of human development |
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| Type of research in which the psychologist follows and records a set of patients and records what is happening |
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| number of people of different ages are assessed at one point in time, and differences are noted |
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| Environmental experoences |
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| the science of inherited traits |
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| individual's observable characteristics |
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| Brain Development across the lifespan |
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Definition
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| 8human cell, threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of erach pair originating from each parent, and that contain the remarkable substance DNA |
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Term
| Erikson's psychosocial stages of development |
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Definition
Trust Vs. Mistrus
Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative Vs. Guilt
Industry Vs. Inferiority
Identity Vs.Identity confusion
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
Generativity Vs. Stagnation
Integrity Vs. Despair |
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Definition
Germinal Period
Embryonic Period
Fetal Period
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| Agents that cause birth defects |
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| child who is born 37 weeks after conception, may also be at risk for development difficulties |
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| Chromosomal and Genetic abnormalities |
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Definition
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| Transition from childhoos to adulthood Starts age 10-12 and ends at ages 18-21 |
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| Quality of vision at birth |
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Definition
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Emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver
Secure
Aviodant
Ambivalent
Disorganized-disoriented |
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Term
| Piaget's stages of development |
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Definition
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational |
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Definition
| that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or teached |
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| That the whole world is about them and no one else |
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Slow to warm up to
easy child
difficult child |
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Authoritative
Authoritrian
Neglectful
Permissive
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Term
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Definition
Female:develop of brest tissue hair and first period
Male: develop of brest tissue, lower vioce |
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| Healthy relationships/ Marriages |
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Definition
Women and men marry late
principles for successful marriage
1. nurturing fondness and admiration
2.turning toward each other as friends
3. giving up some power
4. sloving conflicts together |
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| the abnormal loss of empaired judgement or memory |
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| Cognitive functioning across adulthood |
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| Health changes across adulthood |
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