Term
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Definition
| a relatively permanent change in learner brought about by learner brought about by experience |
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Definition
repeated or extended exposure
leads to a reduced response
ex. violence on tv |
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Definition
learned associations
ex. pavlov's dogs; bells and food measuring saliva |
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Term
| What happened to the the natural stimulus in Classical Conditioning |
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Definition
| becomes the conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| present controls stimulus without unconrtolled stiumulus, and conditioned response will eventually stop |
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Term
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Definition
| reappearance of a controlled response after a rest period |
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Definition
| controlled response occurs with other similar controlled stimulus' |
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Term
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Definition
| process where organism learns to differentiate among stimuli, so that the controlled response occurs only in controlled stimulus |
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Term
| higher order conditioning |
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Definition
| condition behavior without unconditioneed stimulus, by pairing a new neutrel stimulus with an existing controlled stimulus |
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Definition
| Food and alcohol related illness |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol, fashion, smoking, misrepresents these bad habits and things that shouldn't even matter that much |
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Term
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Definition
learning through consequences. reward versus punishment
ex; Seligmans Dogs (learned helplessness)
Skinner Box - soundproof chamber with animal inside |
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Term
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Definition
learning vicariously though watching consequences of others actions
ex: BoBo doll - study of aggression |
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Term
classic learning is
operant learning is
social learning is |
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Definition
learned through associations
learned through consquences
learned through vicarious learning |
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Term
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Definition
| system for communication, using signals to convey meanin |
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Term
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Definition
| signals combined according to rules |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest unit of sound recognizable as speech |
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Term
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Definition
smallest unit of a language that carries meaning
-whole word
-prefix or suffix |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the meaning of a sentence |
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Term
Fast Mapping
learning in children |
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Definition
| children's ability ot map a word unto underlying concept ater only a single exposure |
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Term
Behaviorist
learning in children |
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Definition
| children learn language through operant conditioning |
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Term
Nativist
learning in children |
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Definition
| language is an innate, biological capacity |
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Term
Language Acquisition Device
LAD |
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Definition
| a collection of processes that facilitate language learning (Chomsky) |
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Term
Interactioninst
learning in children |
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Definition
social interatcions play a huge role in language
observation of rules, adults slow speech with children and high pitches |
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Term
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Definition
| language production (left frontal lobe) |
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Term
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Definition
comprehnsion language
(left temporal lobe) |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder involving the difficulty in producing or comprehending language |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation that groups or categories, events, or other stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
deficit: neurological syndrome characterized by an inability to recognize objects within a category
- facial agnosia |
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Term
| Family Resemblance Theory |
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Definition
| members of a category have features characteristic of category members but maybe not to every member |
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Term
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Definition
| yes/no categorical judgements made by comapring new instances to a catergory's prototype |
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Term
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Definition
category judgements by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category
specific, while prototypes aren't. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking, adapt to their thinking, adapt to their circumstances, and learn from their experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| mental age / phsyical age x 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| test score compared to age norms with average set at 100 standard deviation of 15 |
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Term
| Spearman used FACTOR ANALYSIS |
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Definition
| a statistical technique that reduces a large number of correlations to a small number of factors |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to process information |
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Term
| Crystallized Intelligence |
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Definition
| accuracy and amount of information available for processing |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of variance in construct due to genes |
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Term
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Definition
| the awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings being experinced at a given moment |
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Term
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Definition
| focused attention, high level of communication |
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Term
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Definition
| some awareness, but minimal attention required including day dreaming, "Auto pilot" |
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Term
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Definition
| fatigue, impaired concentration, immune system suppression, irritability, slowed performance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sleep walking
sleep disorders |
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Term
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Definition
sleep attacks
sleep disorder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Repair/Restoration Theory |
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Definition
| can recooperate the body from the demands that everyday life challenges the mental and physical parts of our lives |
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Term
| Evolutionary/Circadian Theory |
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Definition
| sleep evolved to conserve energy when not looking for food or mates |
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Term
| how many minutes do we cycle in sleep at the beginning of the night? |
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Definition
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Term
| as the night progresses the intervals get shorter or longer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lasts a few minutes, brain slows, breathing more regular, heart rate slows, easily awakened |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts about 20 minutes, definitley asleep, easily awakened |
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Term
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Definition
| last few minutes, transitional stage between light and deep sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep Sleep; lasts 30-40 minutes brain waves change to large slow waves |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid Eye Movement, lasts few minutes early on, increase during the night, brain more active, breathing is rapid, heart rate increses, almost paraylzed, eyes dart around |
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Term
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Definition
Freud
dreams perserve our sanity by allowing us to gratify forbidden or unrealistic wishes
symbols are important |
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Term
| activation - synthesis hypothesis |
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Definition
| draeming is an unimportant by product of random stimulation of brain cells |
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Term
| information processing theory |
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Definition
| dreams help us sift through, sort, and fix in memory our everyday experinces and thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective feeling associated with physiological activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| external stimuli triggers autonomic nervous system 9ans), which in turn produces emotional experience |
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Term
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Definition
| external stimuli simultaneously trigger ANS and emotional experience in brain |
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Term
| Two-factor Theory: (Schacter - Singer) |
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Definition
| emotions are interferences about the causes of undiffertiated physiological arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| appraisal: evaluation of environment |
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Term
| what routes information to amygdala and the cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| from thalamus directly to the amygdala |
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Term
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Definition
| from thalamus to amygdala via the cortex |
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Term
_______ excites
_______ inhibits |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| suggested universal expression of emotion in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| humans universal in expression and understanding of facial expressions |
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Term
| Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
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Definition
| emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify |
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Term
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Definition
| greater amygdala activation in response to fearful face from own cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| further evaluation, curiousity |
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Term
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Definition
| inherited tendency to seek out a particular goal |
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Term
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Definition
internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality
hunger |
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Term
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Definition
| tells the brain to switch hunger on |
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Term
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Definition
| tells brain to switch hunger off |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ventromedial hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disorder makred by binge eating followed by vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder marked by an intense fear of being fat and servere restriction of food intake |
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Term
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Definition
| marked by bine eating without purging |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the rate at which energy is used by the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to a reward |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation to which one is aware |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation of which one is not aware |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation to experience positive outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation not to experience negative outcomes |
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