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The strength (frequency, durability) of a behavior depends on the consequences the behavior has had in the past
Positive Law Of effect: Consequence Increases likelihood of behavior
Negative Law of Effect: Consequences decrease likelihood of behavior |
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| A procedure by which a behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences (B.f. Skinner- skinner box, rewards for behaviors) |
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| The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increase or maintain the strength of that behavior |
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| Reinforcement in which a behavior is followed by the appearance of, or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus |
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| something that an organism seeks out that strengthens the behavior that precedes it |
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| a behavior is strengthened by the removal of, or decrease in the intensity of a stimulus |
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| something an organism tries to escape or avoid, which increases the preceding behavior |
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| negative reinforcement escaping from an aversive stimulus |
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| a procedure in which the behavior of the participant ends the trial. Ex. each time one of Thorndike's cats escaped the puzzle box, the trial ended with the escape. Here, time is of value. |
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| The behavior may be repeated any number of times. For example. Skinner placed a rat in an operant chamber equipped with a lever. Pressing the lever might cause food to fall in a tray, but the rat could press the lever however many times it wished. Usually the dependent variable in Free Operant procedure is the number of times a particular behavior occurs in a set amount of time. |
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Naturally or innately reinforcing
such as food, water, sexual stimulation, relief from heat and cold, and certain drugs
usually weaker because they are satiating- but are more resilient- |
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Those that depend on their pairing with other reinforcers. Also called "conditioned reinforcers" because they must be paired with another reinforcer
thought of as better because they aren't as satiating as something like food, and can be used multiple times with little diminishing utility
ex. money |
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| Reinforcers that have been paired with many different kinds of reinforcers, and can be used in a wide variety of situations- |
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| The training procedure that reinforces successive approximations of a desired behavior. This is how new behaviors can be taught that would never occur spontaneously. |
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| performing a number of conditioned acts in a particular sequence |
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| training a person or animal to perform a behavior chain |
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| Breaking the task down into its component elements |
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| a training procedure in which training begins with the first link in the chain and adds subsequent links in order |
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| A chaining procedure in which training begins with the last link in the chain and adds preceding links in reverse order |
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