Term
|
Definition
| Some experience that results in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response |
|
|
Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) or (US) |
|
Definition
| something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism |
|
|
Term
| Unconditioned Response (UR) or (UCR) |
|
Definition
| a reflexive reaction that is reliably elicited by an unconditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
|
Definition
| a stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism |
|
|
Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
|
Definition
| reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phase of classical conditioning when the CS and the UCS are presented together |
|
|
Term
| Second Order Conditioning |
|
Definition
| conditioning where the UCS is a stimulus that acquired its ability to produce learning from an earlier procedure in which it was used as a CS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gradual elimination of a learned response that occurs when the UCS is no longer presented |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process in which the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original one used during acquisition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a propensity for learnign particular kinds of associations over others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of learning in which the consequences of an organism's behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the principle that behaviors that are followed by a "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated and those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less likely to be repeated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any stimulus or event that functions to increase the likelihood of the behavior that led to it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any stimulus or event that functions to decrease the likelihood of the behavior that led to it |
|
|
Term
| over-justification effect |
|
Definition
| circumstances when external rewards can undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an operant conditioning principle in which reinforcements are presented at fixed time periods, provided that the appropriate response is made |
|
|
Term
| variable interval schedule |
|
Definition
| an operant conditioning principle in which behavior is reinforced based on an average time that has expired since the last reinforcement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an operant conditioning principle in which reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an operant conditioning principle in which the delivery of reinforcement is based on a particular average number of responses |
|
|
Term
| intermittent reinforcement |
|
Definition
| an operant conditioning principle in which only some of the responses made are followed by reinforcement |
|
|
Term
| intermittent-reinforcement effect |
|
Definition
| the fact that operant behaviors that are maintained under intermittent reinforcement schedules resist extinction better than those maintained under continuous reinforcement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning that results from the reinforcement of successive approximations to a final desired behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which something is learned but it is not manifested as a behavioral change until sometime in the future |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mental representation of the physical features of the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which learning takes place by watching the actions of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition |
|
|
