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| a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus |
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| Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs, classical conditioning |
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| in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response |
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| in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response |
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| in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth |
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| in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS) |
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| extinctiona conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and response fades |
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| the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response |
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| transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus. (different tones |
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| process by which an organism learns to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to other stimul |
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| physical or psychological discomfort stimuli that an organism seeks to escape or avoid. |
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| subject in John Watson's experiment, proved classical conditioning principles |
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| a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning |
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| Pioneer in operant conditioning who discovered concepts in intstrumental learning such as the law of effect. Known for his work with cats in puzzle boxes. |
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| classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person. living vicariously |
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| Named after researcher John Garcia, it is basically food aversion that occurs when people attribute illness to a particular food. |
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| learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it |
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| cognition; studied rats and discovered the "cognitive map" in rats and humans |
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| depends on what happens after the response( in classical conditioning it's what happens before the response) |
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| United States psychologist and a leading proponent of behaviorism (1904-1990 |
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| increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. |
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| increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs. stopping an annoying stim |
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| a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishmen |
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| a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake |
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| the application of an aversive stimulus after a response. spanking |
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| punishment that occurs with the removal of a stimulus. grounding. |
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| The tendency for an animal's innate responses to interfere with conditioning processes. |
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| reinforcement depends on the situation; rewards vary with individual |
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| researcher who studied insight learning in chimps |
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| an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need |
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| a reinforcement that represents a primary enforcer such as Money. Green paper has no actual value but it represents things you can buy. |
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| psychotherapy that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior |
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| reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs |
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| intermittent reinforcement |
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| an operant conditioning principle in which only some of the responses made are followed by reinforcement |
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| fixed ratio reinforcement |
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| schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same |
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| variable ratio reinforcement |
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| schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is different for each trial or event |
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| fixed interval reinforcement |
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| schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is always the same |
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| variable interval reinforcement |
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| schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial or event. |
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| an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior |
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| in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action |
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| learning by watching others |
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| a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is presented shortly after the unconditioned stimulus on each trial |
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| conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US, and the two stimuli overlap |
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| the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior |
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