Term
| What is Operant Conditioning? |
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Definition
| process of changing behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior |
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Term
| Who believed that rewarding consequences can make a spontaneuous behavior more likely to occyr again? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the law of effect? who labeled it? |
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Definition
the consequences of bahavior that increase or deacrease the liklihood that the behavior will be displayed again
Thorndike |
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Term
| What was B.F. Skinner? What did he coin? |
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Definition
| Bahaviorist coined the term operant |
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Term
| What are the types of opperant conditioning? |
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Definition
Positive/Negative
and
Punishment or Reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| internal or external event that INCREASES the frequency of behavior |
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Term
| What are the two types of reinforcers? |
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Definition
Primary reinforcers- satisfy biological needs (food, sex, water)
Secondary/Conditioned- learned needs/wants (money, grades, social approval) |
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Term
| If a reinforcer punishment is positive or negative, what does it mean? |
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Definition
Positive means something is added
Negative means something is removed
It does not mean good or bad |
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Term
| What is positive reinforcement? Example? |
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Definition
a stimulus is added to increase behavior.
-giving a dog a treat for doing something good |
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Term
| What is negative reinforcement? Example? |
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Definition
A stimulus is removed to increase that behaviors frequency.
-Seatbelt beeping, stops beeping (stimulus removed) once you put seatbelt on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any stimulus that aims to decrease frequency of a behavior |
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Term
| What is positive punishment? |
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Definition
The addition of a stimulus to decrease behavior
Ex: spanking (adding a stimulus) |
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Term
| What is negative punishment? |
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Definition
removal of a stimulus to decrease behavior
Ex: Take away TV |
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Term
| Did skinner believe that punishment or reinforcements are more effective in changing behaviors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are reinforcements more effective? |
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Definition
Reinforcement tells you to do exactly this to do the right thing.
Punishment tells you what not to do, but not exactly what the right thing is. You are left still not knowing if what you're doing is right. |
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Term
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Definition
| enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience. |
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Term
| What does "enduring" changes mean? |
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Definition
orinting response and habituation
OR-dark room w/one bright light-we focus on that.
H- after awhile we adjust to the darkness of the room and stop focusing as much on the light. |
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Term
| Give an example of orintating response and habituation? |
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Definition
OR-putting on clothes we feel them on our body,
H-after awhile we no longer notice the clothes are there. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when one piece of information from the environment is linked repeatedly with another and the organism begins to connect the two sources of info |
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Term
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Definition
| kittens hearing the drawer opening associate it with meal time. |
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Term
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Definition
form of associative learning in which a behavior becomes more likely because the organism links that behavior with certain events in its environment.
The cats are conditioned to the sound of drawer. |
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Term
| What are the two types of conditioning? |
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Definition
| Classical and Operant Conditioning |
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Term
| What is classical conditioning? |
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Definition
| learning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus to which the learner has an automatic inborn response. |
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Term
| Who demonstrated classical conditioning? |
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Definition
| Pavlov-Dogs salivating to a bell. |
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Term
| What term did Pavlov coin? |
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Definition
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
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Term
| What is an unconditioned response? |
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Definition
| automatic inborn response to a stimulus. |
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Term
| What is an unconditioned stimulus? |
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Definition
| environmental input that always produces the same unlearned response. |
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Term
| Without learning, the --- always produces the ---/ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a conditioned Stimulus? |
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Definition
| previously neutral stimulus that an organism learns to associtate with the UCS |
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Term
| What is a conditioned response? |
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Definition
| a bahavior that an organism learns to perform when presented witht the CS. |
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Term
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Definition
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