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| John B Watson believed that psychology should be the science of |
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| In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a loud noise. In this ex. the loud noise is a |
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| In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salvation triggered by the sound of the tone was a |
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| If a tone causes a dog to salivate because it has regularly been associated with the presentation of food, the tone is called a |
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| The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction the |
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| In classical conditioning the __ signals the impending occurrence of the__ |
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| Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of |
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| children learn to fear spiders more than they learn to fear butterflies. This best illustrates the impact of__ on learning |
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| biological predispositions |
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| chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward |
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| 5 year old Trevor i emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him a candy for any utterance, than only for a clear spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of |
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| Mason, a stockbroker, runs 2 miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained be a __ reinforcer |
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| The removal of electric shock is to good grades as __ is to __ |
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| primary reinforcer;conditioned reinforcer |
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| Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a__ schedule of reinforcement. |
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| Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a__ schedule. |
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| satisfies a biological need |
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| partial(intermittent) reinforcement |
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| results in slower acquisition;greater resistance to extinction |
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| reinforces a response only after a specified # of responses, faster you respond more rewards you get, could have different ratios |
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| reinforces a response after an unpredictable # of responses |
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| reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed; response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for reward draws near |
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| reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals, produces slow steady responding |
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UCR-salavation to food
UCS-food
CS-bell/metranome
dogs generalized |
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UCS-loud noise
CS-small animal, lead to crying because of animal
negative reinforcement when baby crawls away |
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| mental representation of the layout of one's environment |
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| learning that occurs, but it is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate |
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| operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal |
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| Thorndikes idea, behavior followed by favorable consequence becomes more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
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| behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment |
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| take away something that is desired |
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| give something that is desired,increases behavior |
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| apply something that i dreaded,decreases behavior |
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| take away something that is dreaded |
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