Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Learning
Classical/operant conditioning,schedules of reinforcement
31
Psychology
10th Grade
10/20/2011

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Cards

Term
John B Watson believed that psychology should be the science of
Definition
observable behavior
Term
In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a loud noise. In this ex. the loud noise is a
Definition
unconditioned stimulus
Term
In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salvation triggered by the sound of the tone was a 
Definition
conditioned response
Term
If a tone causes a dog to salivate because it has regularly been associated with the presentation of food, the tone is called a
Definition
conditioned stimulus
Term
The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction the
Definition
CR is suppressed
Term
In classical conditioning the __ signals the impending occurrence of the__ 
Definition
CS;UCS
Term
Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of
Definition
generalization
Term
children learn to fear spiders more than they learn to fear butterflies. This best illustrates the impact of__ on learning
Definition
biological predispositions
Term
A skinner box is a
Definition
chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward
Term
5 year old Trevor i emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him a candy for any utterance, than only for a clear spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of
Definition
shaping
Term
Mason, a stockbroker, runs 2 miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained be a __ reinforcer
Definition
negative
Term
The removal of electric shock is to good grades as __ is to __
Definition
primary reinforcer;conditioned reinforcer
Term
Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a__ schedule of reinforcement.
Definition
fixed-ratio
Term
Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a__ schedule.
Definition
variable-ratio
Term
Primary reinforcer
Definition
satisfies a biological need
Term
partial(intermittent) reinforcement
Definition
results in slower acquisition;greater resistance to extinction
Term
fixed ratio
Definition
reinforces a response only after a specified # of responses, faster you respond more rewards you get, could have different ratios
Term
variable ratio
Definition
reinforces a response after an unpredictable # of responses
Term
fixed interval
Definition
reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed; response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for reward draws near
Term
variable interval
Definition
reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals, produces slow steady responding
Term
Pavlov's dogs
Definition

UCR-salavation to food

UCS-food

CS-bell/metranome

dogs generalized

Term
Watson's little Albert
Definition

UCS-loud noise

CS-small animal, lead to crying because of animal

negative reinforcement when baby crawls away

Term
cognitive map
Definition
mental representation of the layout of one's environment
Term
latent learning
Definition
learning that occurs, but it is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate
Term
shaping
Definition
operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal
Term
Law of effect
Definition
Thorndikes idea, behavior followed by favorable consequence becomes more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment
Term
timeout
Definition
take away something that is desired
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
give something that is desired,increases behavior
Term
punishment
Definition
apply something that i dreaded,decreases behavior
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
take away something that is dreaded
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