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Learning Domain 2 - Criminal Justice System
Criminal Justice
36
Criminal Justice
Not Applicable
01/12/2015

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Constitution

Definition


 


Written document that embodies the basic laws of a nation or state. 

Term

 

Branches of U.S. Constitution

 

Definition
  • executive branch
  • legislative branch
  • judicial branch 
Term

 

Bill of Rights

Definition


Amendments to the constitution to further clarify the rights of individuals under the U.S. Constitution. (Origianl 10 Amendments)

Term

 

Two powers given to Law Enforcement

 

Definition

the power of arrest

the power to use deadly force

Term

 

Six Amendments needto know

Definition

First

Fourth

Fifth

Eighth

Fouteenth

Term

 

First Amendment

 

Definition

Freedom of religion
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of the Press

Freedom of Assembly

Right to petition the government for a redress of grievances


Term

 

Fourth Amendment

 

Definition



Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures


Term

 

Fifth Amendment

 

Definition


Freedom from being tried twice for the same crime

Freedom from self-incrimination



Term

 

Sixth Amendment

Definition

Right to be told of charges when arrested

Right to a speedy trial

Right to a public trial by an impartial Jury

Right to confront witnesses

Right to counsel


 

Term

 

Eight Amendment

Definition



Freedom from excessive bail

Freedom from cruel and unusual punishments


Term

 

Fourteenth Amendment

Definition



Basic right of a defendant in a judicial proceeding

The requisites for trial (due process)

Right to equal protection of the laws


Term


First Amendment Provision

 

Definition

Shout "fire" in a crowded auditorium

sceam or shout to the point of disturbing the peace

disturb an orderly assembly, a church service, or a session of the court,incite a riot,urge others to commit a crime accost others in public place with language likely to produce a violent response falsely report the presence of an explosive device (bomb) 

 

 

 

Term

 

Fourth Amendment 

Provisions

 

Definition

Does not give individuals an absolute right to privacy; neither does it prohibit all searches

Officers may thoroughlyl search a person along with that person's effects for any weapons and/or properly seize such items for use as evidence

An individual's home may not be used as a place of refuge for criminals

On fresh and immediate pursuit, officers may follow a criminal who has taken refuge in a house or building, and may force their way into the building withoug a warrant to make the arrest



Term

 

Fifth Amendment Provisions

 

Definition



Individuals may not be tried for the same offense twice

Individuals cannot be compelled to testify against themselves at a criminal case

Individuals must be afforded due process of law before they can be deprived of life, liberty, or property. 


Term

 

Sixth Amendment Provisions

 

Definition


Any violation of the rights noted in this amendment may result in: 

exclusion of evidence

dismissal of the case and /or

criminal liability to the officer or the officer's agency 

Term

 

Eight amendment provisions

Definition



Defendants have a right to bail before conviction to permit the unhampered preparation of a defense

Bail serves to prevent the infliction of punishment prior to conviction

The courts have established limitations on what is acceptable punishment, thereby defining "cruel and unusual" punishment

Punishments of torture are forbidden by this amendment

Term

 

Fourteenth amendment provisions

 

Definition



Persons protected under te U.S. Constitution cannot be denied life, freedom, or their property without a course of legal proceedings by the government justifying the action.

Due process of the law begins at the point of the initial investigation

States may provide further rights not defined by the U.S Constitution 


Term

 

3 components  of the criminal justice system

 

Definition



Law enforcement

judicial 

corrections


Term

 

Seven Primary Goals of Justice System

 

Definition

Guarantee Due Process

Prevent Crime

Protect Life and Property

Uphold and Enforce the Law

Dispense Equal Justice

Apprehend Offenders

Assure Victim's Rights

Term

 

Federal Agencies

 

Definition

U.S. Dept of Homeland Security 

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Drug Enforcement Admin (DEA)

U.S. Marshal Service

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Division (ATF)

Secret Service (SS)

U.S. Postal Inspectors (USPS)

Armed Forces Police

Term

 

State Agencies

 

Definition

Youth and Adult Correctional Agency

California Highway Patrol (CHP)

Dept of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) 

Dept of Fish and Game (F&G)

Dept of Forestry and Fire Protection (DOF)

Dept of Justice (DOJ)

Dept of Insurance (DOI)

Dept of Motor Vehicles (DMV)

Dept of Parks and Rec (DPR)

Franchise Tax Board (FTB)

Office of State Fire Marshal (SFM)

Univ/College Police Dept

Dept of Health Service (CDHS)

Term

 

Local Agencies

Definition


Airport Police

County Marshals

Housing Police

Municipal Police

School Deistrict Police

Sheriffs' Dept

Transportation Police

Port Authority Police 

Term

 

California Court System 

Definition


The California court system is based upon the federal system. It is comprised of one State Supreme Court, lower Trial courts, and higher courts called appellate courts to listen to appeals from the lower courts. 

Term

 

Trial Court

Definition

Lower Court:

receive evidence and consider cases involving criminal activity or civil disputes


Term

 

Appellate Court

Definition


Higher Court

Hear appeals from lower trial courts

Term

 

Positions in Court System

 

Definition

Judge: Administering justice in a fair and impartial manner by applying the facts of the law

Prosecuting Attorneys: Prosecuting individuals accused of criminal activities, protecting public rights and privileges

Defense Attorneys: Defending the accused, defending the rights and privileges of citizens

Term

 

Steps in a felony prosecution

 

Definition

Arrest

Arraignment

Right to Bail

Bail

Preliminary hearing

Indictment


Term

 

Arrest

 

Definition


Taking a person into custody

in a case

in the manner authorized by law

Term

 

Arraignment

 

Definition

The legal procedure where the court informs defendants of 

The nature of the charges against them

their elegibility for bail

their constitutional rights to:

counsel at all stages of the judicial process

plead guilty or not guilty to the charge.s, and a trial by court or by a jury



Term

 

Right to Bail

 

Definition


A defendant's constitutioright to 

a reasonable bail 

-to permit the unhampered preparation of a defense before trial 


Term

 

Bail

 

Definition


To permit the unhampered preparation of a defense before trial

A security deposited with a competent court or magistrate, to ensure that the accused person will appear for trial when summoned


Term

 

Preliminary hearing

 

Definition


A screening procedure used in felony cases to dertermine if there is enought eveidence to hold a defendant for trial


Term

 

Indictment

 

Definition


An accusation in writing formally charging a person with a crime or public offense

Many states, inlcuding CA, also use the grand jury indictment process to bring serious felony criminal cases to trial

Grand Jury's responsibility to determine if there is sufficient cause to believe that a person has committed a crime and should be made to stand trial

A grand jury indictment is filed with the superior court by the district attorney.  The court then issues a warrant and the offender is arrested.  The defendant is then held for arraignment in superior court. 

Term

 

Trial

Definition



A formal, judicial examination and determination of issues (law or fact) between parties


Term

 

Sentencing

Definition


A judgement that is formally pronounced by the court upon the defendant after conviction in a criminal prosecution 

Term

 

Grand Jury

Definition

A body of a set number of citizens from within a country sworn to recieve complaints and accusations in criminal cases

resonsible for determining if there is sufficient cause to believe that an individual has committed a crime and should be made to stand trial


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