Term
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Definition
(= tracking, whole class ability grouping) placing children of similar ability in one group
-often made early and based on questionable data
-don't benefit gifted students
-hurt students in the "lower" groups |
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Term
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Definition
tests that measure individual's ability to perform a task, manipulate info, or solve problems.
-Used to assess specific performance abilities or potential for future learning, rather than stored info
-Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children
-Woodcock-Johnson Test of Achievement
-SAT etc. |
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Term
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Definition
core classes s.a. reading, English, history, math
-SLD perform worse in academic classes b/c of decoding, reading comprehension, or basic study skills
-Most accommodations required here |
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Term
| [image][image] acalculia NOT dyscalculia |
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Definition
| (=anarithmia)acquired inability to do simple mathematics due to neurological injury (ex. stroke) Written and oral calculations usu. affected -Caused by lesions usu. caused by brain damage to the left parietal lobe |
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Term
primary acalculia
NOT spacial
NOT agraphia |
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Definition
| acquired problem in calculation that cannot be explained by problems in writing numbers (agraphia), or by spacial disorganization of numbers |
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Term
spacial acalculia
[image] |
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Definition
| impaired ability to perform written calculations because of the failure to process spatial aspects of written problems properly -associated w/ right brain hemisphere lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| a pattern of lower scores on specific subtests of Arithmetic, Coding, Information, and Digit Span of the WISC-3 or WAIS-3 that is associated w/ LD in reading, spelling, and arithmetic |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of temporal region that receives all auditory stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of reading in which students actively engage with the text by applying a variety of strategies (previewing, highlighting main ideas, margin-noting or questioning, outlining, paraphrasing, summarizing etc.); aids comprehension |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to adapt to the expectations of society and a particular environment; how well a person can function in the community; students w/ LD have trouble with classroom adaptive behavior (extroversion, curiousity, completing tasks etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
daily living skills a person needs to live, work, and play independently
10 skills: communication, self-care, home living, social skills, leisure, health and safety, self-direction, functional academics, community use, work |
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Term
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Definition
used to diagnose ADHD in children and adolescents and for assessing treatment response
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Term
affect
- blunted
- flat
- labile
- resticted/constricted
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Definition
affect-visual representation of the person's emotions conveyed through body language and facial expression, rather than through words
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blunted-significant reduction in the intensity of emotional expression
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flat-absence of any sign of emotional expression
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labile: repeated, rapid, abrupt changes in expression
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restricted: mild reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression
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Term
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Definition
| Holding Information in your head while you process other incoming information |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to understand and use language |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficulty directing motor movement |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to become alert, process incoming stimuli and attend to a task until complete |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's belief concerning the cause of this/her success or failure; students with LD tend to attribute success to luck and failure to their own inability |
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Term
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Definition
| a term from Cognitive Learning Theory; refers to when learning has become almost subconscious and requires little effort |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to teaching that concentrates on the sequence of learning skills and on changin a child;s behavior through rewards, punishments, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of teaching that tailors learning tasks to the unique and individual needs of a particular child |
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Term
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Definition
| Completeness, particularl being able to imagine or "fill in" missing pieces of sensory stimuli |
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Term
| Curriculum-Based Assessment |
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Definition
| Assessment that measures a student's performance on an academic task; performance is repeatedly meaured and charted |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching that is designed to gather information about a student |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal awareness of left and right, beyond one's body |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to tell the difference between 2 or more stimuli-through any of the senses (auditory, visual, tactile, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to attend to irrelevant stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| A lack of ability to perform mathematical functions; neurological cause |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to perform the motor movements required for handwriting; neurological cause |
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Term
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Definition
| an inability to learn to read; neurological cause, primary characteristic is extremely poor phonological processing (NOT LETTER REVERSAL) |
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Term
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Definition
| an inablity to remember and use words; neurological cause |
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Term
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Definition
| being able to to express yourself using language, either through writing or speaking |
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Term
| figure ground discrimination |
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Definition
| the ability to pick out the important from the unimportant stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the written representation of a phonemen (letters for sounds) |
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Term
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Definition
| the specialized muscle movements used in writing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the sensory system that takes in all of the input from the environment (temperature, surface texture, geometic information etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| studied "word blindedness"; the inability to interpret written or printed language |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to control and direct one's own thinking as a way to facilitate learning (thinking about thinking) |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit with meaning in the language system |
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Term
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Definition
| an internal awareness of the left and right side of one's body |
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Term
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Definition
| accessing information stored in your memory |
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Term
| long-term memory consolidation |
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Definition
| storing information relatively permanently |
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Term
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Definition
| the sensory system involving movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Indenified certain areas of the brain involved in language |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of organizing and interpreting information received through the senses |
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Term
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Definition
| Having difficulty stopping one task and moving on to the next; being "locked into" continually performing an action |
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Term
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Definition
-consonants not isolated, taught in context of whole word
-Consonant sound is not pronounced in isolation (/b/ is the first sound of /boy/ so it's not learned as /buh/ |
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Term
| synthetic phonics approach |
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Definition
| decoding words sound by sound and then synthesizing the sounds into words |
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Term
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Definition
| phonics skills are taught as needed in the context of reading a selection |
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Term
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Definition
| all key skills are taught in a logical sequence |
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Term
| curriculum-based measures |
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Definition
not tied to particular curriculum or program
overall indicators of proficiency
DIBELS, mazes, oral reading passages
most effective to measure low-level skills (fluency) |
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Term
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Definition
| words in two different languages that sound and are spelled very similarly (rapidly-rapidamente) |
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Term
| dual coding theory of cognitive processing |
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Definition
| words are being encoded verbally AND visually (mental pictures), can be retrieved both ways also |
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Term
| Cognitive Learning theory |
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Definition
mental processes exist and can be studied; humans are active participants in their learning rather than passive recepients
-reinforcement is important not just because it strengthens responses, but it is a source of informations or feedback
-student centered |
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Term
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Definition
-Piaget
-Children construct their own understanding of reality and do not simply reproduce what they see and hear
-children's thinking evolves in stages
-assimilation-interpret world through their schemas
-accommodate schemas as they learn new things about it |
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Term
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Definition
| stresses importance of social factors on learning |
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Term
| cognitive behavioral modification |
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Definition
-behavior is affected by the set of rewards and punishments we have experienced in the past and by our beliefs, thoughts, and expectations
-cognitive behavioral classroom management :
-set goals, set and follow a plan for reaching goals, evaluate whether they have reached it. |
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