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Definition
| A change in an organism's behavior or thought as a result of experience |
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Definition
| Process of responding less strongly over time to repeated stimuli. Simplest form of learning.(The clothes on your skin, buzzing of lights ) |
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| Classical Conditioning (Pavlovian) |
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Definition
| Form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response. (Meat powder and the ticker) |
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Term
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| Initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response due to association with an unconditioned stimulus.(The metronome, or bell) |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| Stimulus that elicits an automatic response.(Meat powder) |
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Term
| Unconditioned response (UCR) |
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Definition
| Automatic response to a non-neutral stimulus that does not need to be learned. (Salivation) |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
| Response previously associated with a nonneutral stimulus that is elicited by a neutral stimulus through conditioning. (bell alone, elicited salivation response) |
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Definition
| Learning phase during which a conditioned response is established. |
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Definition
| Gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus. |
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Definition
| Sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay in exposure to the conditioned stimulus. |
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Definition
| Process by which conditioned stimuli similar, but not identical to, the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response. |
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Definition
| Displaying a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
| Higher-order Conditioning |
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Definition
| - Developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulus. |
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Definition
| Learning controlled by the consequences of the organism’s behavior. (Using a fish as a treat, dolphin jumps through a hoop and is rewarded) |
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Definition
| Principle asserting that if a stimulus followed by a behavior results in a reward, the stimulus is more likely to elicit the behavior in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grasping the nature of a problem |
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Definition
| Small animal chamber constructed by Skinner to allow sustained periods of conditioning to be administered and behaviors to be recorded unsupervised. |
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Definition
| Reinforcement- Outcome or consequence of a behavior that strengthens the probability of the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Presentation of a stimulus that strengthens the probability of the behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of a stimulus that strengthens the probability of the behavior. |
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Definition
| Outcome or consequence of a behavior that weakens the probability of the behavior |
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Definition
| Pattern of reinforcing a behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs, resulting in faster learning but faster extinction than only occasional reinforcement |
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Definition
| Pattern in which we provide reinforcement following a regular number of responses (Giving a rat a pellet after every 15 times it presses the lever in a skinner box) |
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Definition
| Pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response at least once following a specified time interval (paying a worker at the same time every friday for producing at least 1 toy a week) |
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Definition
| Pattern in which we provide reinforcement after a specific number of responses on average, with the number varying randomly. |
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Term
| Variable Interval Schedule |
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Definition
| Pattern in which we provide reinforcement for producing the response at least once during an average time interval, with the interval varying randomly |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus associated with the presence of reinforcement |
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Definition
| Only occasional reinforcement of a behavior, resulting in slower extinction than if the behavior had been reinforced continually |
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Term
| Shaping by Successive Approximations |
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Definition
| Conditioning a target behavior by progressively reinforcing behaviors that come closer and closer to the target |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle that a less frequently performed behavior can be increased in frequency by reinforcing it with a more frequent behavior |
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Definition
| Neutral object that becomes associated with a primary reinforcer |
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Definition
| Item or outcome that naturally increases target behavior |
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Definition
| Learning that is not directly observable |
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Definition
| Mental representation of how a physical space is organized |
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Definition
| Learning by watching others |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumption that an conditioned stimulus can be associated equally well with any unconditioned stimulus |
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Definition
| Evolutionary predisposition to learn some pairings of feared stimuli over others owing to their survival value |
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Definition
| Tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| An individuals preferred or optimal method of acquiring new information |
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