Term
|
Definition
| any enduring change in behavior caused by some experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals change their behavior to a stimulus as a consequence of its association with another stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between two events (type of association learning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Between occurrence (type of association learning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continued exposure to a stimulus that results in decrease in sensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continued exposure to a stimulus that results in increase in sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Instrumental conditioning is also referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Operant conditioning is also referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pavolvian conditioning is also referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classical conditional is also referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animal has behavioral control & learns to receive a reward or punishment based on their behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animal does not have behavioral control and displays stereotyped response to stimulus that signals reward or punishment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if a behavior isn't reinforced it disappears, pretty quickly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning to stop a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hard to tell apart from superstition (difficult to determine if the animal has actually learned the relationship) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| punishment is hard to convey, animal may pull wrong context, and worsen the unwanted behavior (e.g. fear in horses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where an animal thinks that their behavior has an effect on an outcome but it doesn't (key pecking...silly pigeons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removing positive reinforcement upon the occurrence of unwanted behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of something to increase response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of something to decrease response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In many Pavolvian paradigms US = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stimulus-Response learning |
|
Definition
the CS becomes directly associated with the UR
Therefore, the CS comes to elicit the same response as the UR |
|
|
Term
| Stimulus-Stimulus learning |
|
Definition
the CS becomes directly associated with the US
Therefore, the CS comes to elicit a response that is similar / related to the US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perceptual and sensory -> valuative process -> motor response |
|
|
Term
| "Preparedness" to learn certain associations is likely due to |
|
Definition
| evolutionary progress & ontogentic change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first to propose a mechanism for evolutionary change, Laws of Disuse & Use, giraffe example |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. environmental changes can produce new habits
2. new habits produce physical changes
3. physical changes are inheritable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory of natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Darwin's "bulldog", confronted the idea of human evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| co-discoverer of natural selection, claimed super-natural intervention, believed mental evolution overrides physical evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Darwin's book about the emphasis of sexual selection/preference...human are an unique combo...not spiritually special |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Darwin's "heir", animals with minds must have a nervous system and its behavior must be sensitive to past experience (capacity for memory/learning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "ontogeny" recapitulates "phylogeny" AKA development (fetus -> child -> adult) show the same patter as evolutionary development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Romanes "heir" but also fiercest critic, emphasis on trial & error learning with accidental success |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. brief observation is not enough to understand an animals' mind
2. simple psychological processes can interact with the environment to produce highly complex behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quantitative experiments with trial & error, first learning curves, Law of Effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S -> R connections are learned...no evidence for consequence associations, role of "satisfiers" (reinforcement) is to stamp in S-R connection, dominant theory as the telephone exchange theory |
|
|
Term
| Telephone Exchange Theory |
|
Definition
| literally making connections to learn - Thorndike |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comparative cognition, similar rates of learning across species, optimal level of motivation, discriminational learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motivational effects in discrimination learning - optimal level of motivation decreases with the difficulty of the task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maze learning, Law of Frequency, Behaviorist Manifesto, Little Albert, systematic desensitization for phobias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement to have psychology be based on overt actions, not "private events" but "public" ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dog experiments....yaddi, yaddi, principal of stimulus substitution, monolithic theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different kinds of salvia for different kinds of food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extinction & spontaneous recovery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "mechanistic behaviorism", "Principles of Behavior", Hull-Spence Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement Theory |
|
|
Term
| Hull-Spence Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement Theory |
|
Definition
| AKA Drive Reduction Theory: reinforcement is reduction of one drive/need |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purpose behaviorism, goal directed action only, acquire expectancies via conditioning, distinction between performance & learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combined classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learns behavior to avoid a negative outcome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior can be understood in its own right, Skinner's Box, studies of punishment & "conditioned anxiety", superstition, non-Hullian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kamin, learning only occurs when something unexpected happens, a connection is already establish and a new connection is blocked from being formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conditioning in which the conditioned response has not been reinforced by reward or punishment, but is a modified instinctive response to certain stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idea that some animals could just learn certain behaviors quicker so that some experiments were not equal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning even when you are not asked to perform/reflect your knowledge |
|
|
