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| Studied observational learning |
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| Discovered and studied instinctual drift |
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| Breland, K. and Breland, M. |
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| Proposed a theory of evolution with natural selection as its centerpiece |
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| Studied taste-aversion learning and proposed that some species are biologically prepared to learn connections between certain stimuli |
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| Studied insight in problem-solving |
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| Ethologist who studied unlearned, instinctual behaviors in the natural environment |
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| Discovered the basic principles of classical conditioning |
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| Suggested that a more-preferred activity could be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity |
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| Performed experiments that showed that contiguity could not fully explain classical conditioning; proposed contingency theory of classical conditioning |
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| Developed principles of operant conditioning |
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| Proposed the law of effect; used puzzle boxes to study problem-solving in cats |
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| Ethologist who introduced experimental methods into field situations |
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| Ethologist who studied communication in honey bees |
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| Performed experiment on Little Albert that suggested that the acquisition of phobias was due to classical conditioning |
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