Term
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Definition
| Who is generally acknowledged as the first Associationsit, and proposed three principles of association that can be viewed as an elementary theory of memory? |
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Term
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Definition
| Philosophers who developed early theories about how people learn to associate separate thoughts or ideas as a result of their experiences. |
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| Contiguity, Similarity, and Contrast |
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Definition
| Aristotle's three principles of association |
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Term
Simple Sensations,
Simple Ideas |
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Definition
| According to the British Associationists, experience consists of ____________, and memory consists of________________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning song lyrics after repeating them many times illustrates this principle of Thomas Brown. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve showed that the rate of forgetting in the first few minutes after studying is ____________than the rate of forgetting a week later. |
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Term
| learning a list in one order and later relearning it in reverse order. |
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Definition
| The way in which Ebbinghaus tested the strength of backward associations. |
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Term
The British Associationists AKA The British Empiricists,
of their belief that every person acquires all knowledge empirically. |
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Definition
| Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, James Mill, and John Stuart Mill were writers and philosophers who were known as_______________, because_____________. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of Aristotle's principles of association, which states that two ideas will be associated if they tend to occur together in space or time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The position that some ideas are innate and do not depend on an individual's past experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by James Mill to describe what happens when two or more simple ideas are combined. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term developed by James Mill to describe what happens when complex ideas are combined. |
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Term
| Thomas Brown's Secondary Principles of Association |
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Definition
| The list containing 9 secondary principles of association to supplement Aristotle's list |
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Term
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Definition
| The first person to put Associationists' principles to an experimental test. |
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Term
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Definition
| A meaningless syllable consisting of two consonants separated by a vowel, first used in memory experiments by Herman Ebbinghaus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ebbinghaus's measure of the strength of memory, which showed how much less time was required to relearn a previously learned list of nonsense syllables. |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuing to practice a response after performance is apparently perfect, which often |
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Term
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Definition
| A graph showing how performance on a memory task declines with the passage of time since learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus, which regulates the basic metabolic functions of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A branch-like structure on the receptive side of a neuron that is sensitive to transmitters released by the axon terminals of other neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long, branch-like part of a neuron that transmits electrical pulses, or action potentials, when the neuron is stimulated. Enlarged structures at the ends of the axons, the axon terminals, release chemical transmitters that stimulate the dendrites of other neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical released into the synapse by the axon terminals of a neuron, to which cell bodies and dendrites of other neurons are sensitive. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron into which transmitters are released. |
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Term
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Definition
| A specialized neuron that responds to sensory stimulation, either from the traditional "five senses" or from internal bodily sensations such as muscle tension and balance. |
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Term
| dendrite, cell body, axon |
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Definition
| The order of a neuron's signal flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| An area of the cerebral cortex, located in the back of the head, just beneath the skull, which processes visual information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of neuron in the visual cortex, discovered by Hubel and Wiesel, which fires most rapidly when a line is presented at a specific angle in a specific part of the visual field. |
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Term
| single neuron doctrine of perception |
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Definition
| The theory that there are individual neurons in the brain that respond to specific, complex stimuli in the individual's environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increase in the strengths of connections between neurons caused by electrical stimulation, which can last for weeks or months. |
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Term
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Definition
| The branching of the dendrites of neurons, a process that occurs especially rapidly before the birth and during the first year of a child's life. |
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Term
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Definition
| The growth of new neurons |
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