Term
| Why inspections do not reduce the number of defects. |
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Definition
-- The only way to reduce defects is to use processing methods that prevent defects from occurring in the first place.
-- Fact—Processing produces defects and all inspection can do is find those defects. |
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Term
| The Shewhart/Deming/PDSA Cycle |
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Definition
| Plan, Do/Control, Study/Check, Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance is insensitive to uncontrollable variations in inputs, transformation, and external factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance is insensitive to uncontrollable conditions during the manufacture, delivery, use, and disposal of the product. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Guarantees defects.
2. Paradox: 100% inspection must be used. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Pursue the cause.
2. Does the evidence go “cold?” |
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Term
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Definition
1. Inspect the process, not the product.
2. 100% inspection of process conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| human mistake proofing device |
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Term
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Definition
| via self-check with poka-yoke |
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Term
| Source inspection via self-check with poka-yoke are |
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Definition
1. Control poka-yoke.
2. Warning poka-yoke.
3. Contact, fixed-value, and motion poka-yoke. |
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Term
| Tools and techniques to achieve Zero Defects. |
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Definition
| Source inspection, Successive check, and Autonomation |
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Term
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Definition
| (machine proofing devices) and full-work systems (precise amounts). |
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Term
| The objective of every supply chain |
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Definition
| (value network) is to maximize the overall value added. |
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Term
| Supply chain success should be measured in terms of: |
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Definition
| the profitability of the supply chain, not individual firms within the chain. |
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Term
| Supply chain strategy:Supply chain strategy |
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Definition
a. Location and capacities?
b. Products?
c. Transportation?
d. Information? |
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Term
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Definition
1. Demand forecasts.
2. Which markets from which locations.
3. Manufacturing strategy.
4. Inventory levels and stocking locations.
5. Replenishment policies.
6. Marketing plans. |
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Term
| The goal of the supply chain operation is |
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Definition
| to identify and eliminate muda, mura, and muri |
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Term
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Definition
| The supply chain is divided into a series of cycles; each performed at the interface between two successive stages in the chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Just-in-Time (Pull) Real time response to customer orders |
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Term
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Definition
| Just-in-case (Push)—Perform in anticipation of customer orders and store the output. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Shrinking the supplier base
2. Cost containment, Polaroid style (zero based pricing or ZBP)
3. Frequent personal contact—“building bridges” |
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Term
| Ohno’s seven deadly wastes: causes and cures |
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Definition
1. Overproduction
2. Waiting (time on hand)
3. Unnecessary transport
4. Unnecessary or incorrect processing
5. Excess inventory
6. Unnecessary movement
7. Defects |
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Term
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Definition
| Needless, repetitious motions. For example: searching, stacking, waiting, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing the shape or character of something |
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Term
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Definition
| Repairs, retooling, reworking |
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Term
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Definition
| advancing the process towards completion. Perfection is 100% value-added work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describe factors that influence satisfaction and dissatisfaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Explain how individuals make choices to achieve ends. |
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Term
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Definition
Job satisfaction MAY lead to higher levels of motivation: two things =
1. Satisfiers
2. Hygiene |
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Term
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Definition
Neutral to Satisfied = Examples:
Achievement
Recognition
Work Itself
Responsibility
Advancement |
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Term
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Definition
(Job Context)
Dissatisfied to Neutral = Examples:
Policies
Management Systems
Leadership
Work Environment
Salary and Benefits |
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Term
| Victor Vroom’s Process Theory |
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Definition
| Everything is a deal, the result of mutual exchange (praxeology). |
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Term
| Vroom’s “Principle of Instrumentality.” |
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Definition
2. 1st-Level Outcomes (what the firm wants)
3. 2nd-Level Outcomes(what you want) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| helps make fine adjustments seem almost autonomous |
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Term
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Definition
| Efficiency means cost reduction |
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Term
| Taiichi Ohno’s two main points regarding efficiency: |
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Definition
a. Efficiency only makes sense when tied to cost reduction.
b. Look at the efficiency of each worker, group, and the organization as a whole. |
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Term
| Ohno’s seven (nine) types of waste |
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Definition
1. Overproduction
2. Waiting
3. Transportation
4. Processing
5. Inventory
6. Movement
7. Defective products
8. Design & build unneeded products (Womack & Jones)
9. Unused employee creativity (Productivity Press) |
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Term
| Two ways to increase efficiency |
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Definition
a. Increase the quantity with the same number of workers.
b. Produce the same quantity with fewer workers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Arrange people and machines into product-based cells that are dedicated or semi-dedicated to a family of parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| examines products, parts and assemblies. It then groups similar items to simplify design, manufacturing, purchasing and other business processes. |
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Term
| The benefits of cell manufacturing |
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Definition
a. Short make/ship cycles
b. No WIP
c. Outstanding quality.
d. Minimal resources. |
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Term
| Basic elements needed to operate a manufacturing cell: |
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Definition
a. Multiskilled, multimachine operators.
b. Small, flexible, highly accurate machines.
c. Use jidoka (autonomation) to eliminate machine watching |
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Term
| The Seven Principles of an Effective MI/Measurement System |
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Definition
1. Vital few versus the trivial many
2. Link metrics to vision, values, and key success factors
3. Metrics should focus on the past, present, and future
4. Metrics should be linked to the needs of customers, employees, vendors, investors, and regulators
5. Metrics should flow down to all levels and should be consistent.
6. Metrics should be changed as the organization’s situation, strategy, and knowledge changes.
7. Metrics need to have valid, team-based, targets or goals based on valid research. |
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Term
| A business performance scorecard often consists of five key categories. |
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Definition
a. customer satisfaction
b. financial & market
c. human resources
d. supplier
e. company specific |
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Term
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Definition
1. Quality planning costs
2. ZQC costs
3. Information system costs
4. Training and general management costs
5. Cost of designed experiments |
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Term
| Future of Environmental Management. |
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Definition
a. Internally—The trend is towards integrating environmental, health, and safety considerations.
b. Externally—As the regulatory landscape changes, more are demanding excellence in environmental performance |
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Term
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Definition
| involves how things are made (“know how”). |
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Term
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Definition
| involves how that can be achieved (“how to”) |
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Term
| Considerations for lean equipment |
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Definition
1. Changeover
2. Maintainability
3. Portability
4. Variable speed
5. Accuracy/Precision
6. Small footprint |
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