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The Domain of Best Practice
-characterized by stability and clear cause-and-effect relationships that are easily discernible by everyone |
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The Domain of Experts
-Complicated contexts, may contain multiple right answers, and though there is a clear relationship between cause and effect, not everyone can see it. |
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The Domain of Emergence
-In a complex context right answers can’t be ferreted out. In this domain, we can understand why things happen only in retrospect. |
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a legal system that requires workers and their managers to discuss major decisions.
-Used in German and Scandinavian countries |
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| the process of evaluating results in relation to plans or objectives and deciding what, if any, action to take. |
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| MNCs use different methods to control overseas operations |
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Definition
Most combine direct and indirect controls
Some prefer heavily quantifiable methods; some prefer qualitative approaches
Some prefer decentralized approaches; others greater centralization |
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Definition
| involves the use of face-to-face personal meetings for purpose of monitoring operations |
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| involve the use of reports and other written forms of communication to control |
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| Typically measured by profit and return on investment. |
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| Often controlled through quality circles |
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| Typically judged through performance evaluation techniques. |
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| the process of transferring meanings from sender to receiver. |
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| Communication does not occur in vaccuum. |
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| most popular in high- context cultures with moderate degree of uncertainty avoidance |
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| focuses on precision and use of the right amount of words to convey message; more common in low-context, low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures |
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Definition
| more common in high-context cultures with considerable uncertainty avoidance where people say few words and allow understatements, pauses, and silence to convey meaning. |
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| focuses on the speaker and the relationship of parties |
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| focuses on the speaker and the reduction of barriers between parties. |
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| characterized by language requiring the listener to note what is |
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| goal oriented, and focuses on the sender who clearly lets the other know what s/he wants the other to know |
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| involves transmission of information from manager to subordinate. |
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| involves transfer of meaning from subordinate to superior |
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Knowledge of the language used at headquarters is not enough
Fluency, technical knowledge, and writing skills are critical.
Cultural barriers in language |
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| How others see us: May be different than we think |
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| The transfer of meaning through means such as body language and use of physical space. |
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| Use of color to communicate messages |
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