Term
| What was the EROEI of oil in 1930s? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the current EROEI of oil? |
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Definition
| 10 to 15:1; It is harder to find more viscous, hih sulfur content, etc. as it gets deeper and the EROEI will continue to decline |
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Term
| What is a typcial refining efficiency? |
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Definition
| 10:1; and so the total refined EROEI of our precious liquid fuel is still between 5-10:1 |
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Term
| What is a technique fo revaluting the productivity of energy systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does net energy analysis do? |
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Definition
| Compares the quantity of energy deliverred to society by an energy system to the engery used directly and indirectly in the delivery process |
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Term
| Inputs and outputs of different types of energy are aggregated by what? |
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Definition
| their thermal equivalents in most net energy analyses |
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Term
| EROEI energy inputs include only what? |
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Definition
| industrial energies; fossil fuel and electricity used indirectly and directly to extract petroleum |
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Term
| What is not included in EROEI? |
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Definition
| costs for transportation and refining |
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Term
| What comprise the direct energy cost of oil? |
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Definition
| fuel and electricity used in oil and gas fields |
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Term
| What comprises the indirect costs in oil? |
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Definition
| the energy used to produce material inputs and to produce and maintain the capital used to extract petroleum |
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Term
| What is used to measure the energy density of capital? |
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Definition
| The quantity of energy used to produce a dollar's worth of output in the industrial sector of the US economy; the ratio of fossil fuel and electricity use to real GDP produced by industry |
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Term
| What is energy cost of capital and materials defined as? |
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Definition
| the dollar cost of capital depreciation and materials times the energy intensity of capital and materials (BTU/$) |
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Term
| What are the main issues of portability of oil? |
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Definition
| safety, security, and respect for the environment whether oil is transported from production sites to the refineries |
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Term
| What must be continually kept under surveillance? |
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Definition
| the state of oil pipelines on land |
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Term
| Are the enormous quantities of oil transported used immediately? |
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Definition
| No and therefore storage facilities must be ensured for total safety and security |
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Term
| How many oil tankers navigate tthe seas and oceans tranporting oil from the points of extraction to consumption? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much oil is transported by petrol tankers (boat)? |
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Definition
| between 1.5 and 1.9 billions tons annually for the last 20 years |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If one country is relying heavily on one region for its hydrocarbons what can apply in other countries? |
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Definition
| other countries can rely on alternation regions for theirs |
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Term
| What are global prices for oil and gas setby? |
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Definition
| The marketplace (no monopolies) |
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Term
| Does oil have continuity? |
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Definition
| oil can be used continuously but it depends on the extraction methods that are used |
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Term
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Definition
| Yes; but now is slowly being replaced by rechargeable batteries (which electric power can be generated from natural gas, coal, solar, wind power, etc) |
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Term
| What does rate of flow of oil depend on? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the oil flow stop? |
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Definition
| whenever the differntial is not enough to raise oil to the surface |
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Term
| While the pressure differential falls from max to zero, what happens? |
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Definition
| the volume of oil in the reservoir falls from maximum to a substantial fraction of the original amount |
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Term
| What is the result of rate of flow? |
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Definition
| keep the water-oil and oil-gas interfaces horizontal and to squueze oil by increasing the pressure above and below it |
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Term
| If gas were injected inot he top and water into the bottom would there by a change in stratification? (oil) |
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Definition
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Term
| Can water and gas almost completely displace oil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does most oil pollution result from? |
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Definition
| routine shipboard operations such as clearning cargo tanks |
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Term
| What did OIPOL 54 prohibit? |
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Definition
| prohibited the means of wasting oil (wash the tanks out with water and then pump the resulting mixture of oil and water into the sea) |
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Term
| What was the biggest oil pollution incident BEFORE 1967? |
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Definition
| Torrey Canyon Disaster; ran aground while entering the English Channel and spilled 120,000 tons of crude oil into the sea; set in motion the chair of events that eventually led to the adoption of MARPOL |
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Term
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Definition
| the international convention for the the Prevention of Pollution from Ships |
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