Term
| Levels of Traffic Crash Investigation |
|
Definition
Reporting
At-Scene Investigation
Advanced (Technical) Investigation
Reconstruction
Cause Analysis |
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Term
|
Definition
Enthusiastic
Sincere
Professional
Impartial |
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Term
| Habits of a good investigator |
|
Definition
Do not guess
Distinguish between fact and opinion
Make personal observations
Do not rely on memory, write it down
Write well enough so you can re-read it later
Get facts as soon as possible |
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Term
| Reportable vs Non-Reportable |
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Definition
Reportable when:
Any Injury or Death
Results in $1000 or more total damage to property owned by any one person
Results in damages of $200 or more to government property.
If any party dies within 30 days of the crash. |
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Term
|
Definition
Damage to any part of a motor vehicle by direct contact with some object which is not part of the vehicle.
Rub-offs:
Paint transfer
Tire rubber
Road material
Tree bark
Pedestrian clothing
Pedestrian tissue
Deformation:
Crush or defacement of vehicle body parts
Fine hard scratches
Rough abrasians
Smearing of paint due to heat of friction
Ragged tears in sheet metal or plastic
Damage to laminated safety gladd |
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Term
|
Definition
Damage to vehicle after being hit and reacting, not direct damage, sympathetic.
Folds, Bends, Creases, Wrinkles, Windshield, Safety glass, Seats, , Shock, lamp filaments, distorted, fractured |
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Term
|
Definition
| Do not touch the brake pedal, check for signs of defective equipment, not any reported mechanical defect in your report |
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Term
|
Definition
Look for:
View obstructions
Dirty glass
Open containers
Inspect the radio
Check the headlight switches location |
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Term
|
Definition
Check for seatbelt damage
look at the webbing
Was it accessible |
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Term
|
Definition
Injury or injuries
Contradictory Statements from operators
Witness statements
Fault cannot be determined by Officer
Hit and run WITH follow up info
Crash resulting from Medical Condition
Any other unusual circumstance
Complete the case data and narrative |
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Term
|
Definition
Photograph
Measurements
Height of damage
Paint color
Surveillance cameras
BOSS LPR
Clear
eTime
STOC
Phoenix/KGIS
Indicate in your notes/supp |
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Term
|
Definition
| Must be submitted to the record keeper within 10 day after the date of the accident |
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Term
|
Definition
Position of each vehicle
Position of any debris
skid marks |
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Term
|
Definition
Straight Line roads
Reference Lines
Reference Points |
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Term
|
Definition
| Using points to establish a method for creating an image of the scene |
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Term
|
Definition
When edges are indistinct, off the roadway, no obvious reference points
Uses multiple reference points |
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Term
| When selecting Reference points select them based on: |
|
Definition
Safety
Proximity
Identification |
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Term
| What to use to mark a spot at a traffic crash? |
|
Definition
Spray Paint
Crayons or chalk
nails or flagging material
Cones
Number cards |
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Term
| What to mark for a traffic accident? |
|
Definition
Reference points
Final resting positions of bodies
Position of two or more wheels with the vehicles
Ends of tire marks
End of your tape |
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Term
|
Definition
Factual Data
Provides a pictorial supplement to the at-scene measuremnts
Not to scale
Should fit onto graph paper |
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Term
|
Definition
Measure to the center of the wheels on vehicles
Measure distance and level |
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Term
| Write a crash report when: |
|
Definition
Total damage is at least $1000.
The crash results in an injury or fatality.
Damage to government property is at least $200, UNLESS it's a motor vehicle, then it's $1000. |
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Term
| Driver Report Accident Form |
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Definition
| No law enforcement investigates, but it's a reportable accident. Drivers must fill them out. |
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Term
| When marking spots on a curve from a vehicle that goes off the road: |
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Definition
| Locate both ends of the mark and where the tires intersect with the roadway |
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Term
| What are 3 ways to set up coordinates? |
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Definition
Triangulation
Baseline
Combonation of the two |
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Term
| What is the most effective way to mark a crash scene? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a table of measurements, used to record coordinate measurements, the measurement columns are labeled: |
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Definition
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Term
| When measuring gouges/scars in the roadway what do you measure? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Daylight, Darkness, Dawn/Dusk |
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Term
| You will provide your opinion on 3 areas of the MV4000: |
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Definition
What the driver on the scene said happened
Your observations
What witnesses at the scene said happened |
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Term
| Photographing a traffic accident scene is: |
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Definition
| to produce accurate detailed images that portray conditions as accurate as possible. |
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Term
| You should have at least how many minimum photographs |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Start at the mark, stop at the end, photograph anything in between |
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Term
| Pictures of additional conditions should be taken when: |
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Definition
The conditions will change over time including:
snow, weather, road irregularities |
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Term
| It is important to take accurate measurements of skid marks because it can help determine: |
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Definition
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Term
| Number 1 cause of crashes: |
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Definition
| Excessive speed in conditions unfit for that speed |
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Term
|
Definition
Physical injury
Physical harm to an unborn child
Sexual intercourse
Sexual Assault
Repeated acts of sexual assault against the same child
Sexual assault of a child placed in substitute care
Sex Exploitation
Neglecting a child
Causing mental harm to a child
Sex Trafficking
Permitting, allowing or encouraging a child to Prostitution
Cause child to view or listen to sex
Expose Genital/Pubic
Manufacturing methamphetamine in front of a child |
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Term
|
Definition
| Legal status created by the court, requires custodian to provide, food, medical, shelter and legal services, education, dental. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Failure, refusal or inability on the part of a caregiver, for reasons other than poverty, to provide necessary care, food, clothing, medical or dental care or shelter as to seriously endanger the physical health of a child. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Temporary care and physical custody for children |
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Term
| Persons required to report abuse |
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Definition
1. Physicians
2. Coroners
3. Medical Examiners
4. A nurse
5. A dentist
6. A chiropractor
7. An optometrist
8. An acupuncturist
9. a medical or mental health professional not otherwise listed
10. A public assistance worker
A school teacher
A school administrator
A school counselor
A school employee
A mediator
A child care worker
A child care provider
An alcohol or other drug abuse counselor
A member of the treatment staff employed by or working under contract with a county department
A physical therapist
A physical therapist assistant
An occupational Therapist
A dietition
Speech language or audiologist
EMT
First responders
LEOs |
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Term
| Persons required to report shall |
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Definition
| Immediately inform, a child welfare department, sheriff or municipal law enforcement agency that they suspect abuse is occuring |
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Term
| Abuse investigations must happen |
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Definition
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Term
| A child and juvenile (both anyone under the age of 18) are the exact same thing EXCEPT: |
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Definition
A child is the term use for a youth in need protection
A juvenile is the term used for a youth in need of rehabilitation |
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Term
| Can a child be charged with sexually assaulting another child? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four general categories of missing children? |
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Definition
Voluntary
Parent kidnapping
Unknown abductor
Unknown missing |
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Term
| What are the 3 criteria for an amber alert? |
|
Definition
17 years old or younger
In danger of serious bodily harm or death
Enough descriptive information about the child, the suspect and the suspects vehicle to believe it will help |
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Term
| The degree of proof necessary to invoke the mandated reporting requirement on an abused child is? |
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Definition
| Reasonable cause to suspect |
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Term
| What are the two groups of sex abusers? |
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Definition
Intra-familiar
Preferential child molesters |
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Term
| What are the factors to consider on how to respond to a report of a missing child? |
|
Definition
Age of the child
Are there any mental or development impairments
Are there any known medical conditions
Are there any indications of foul play |
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Term
| What three things can you do to prevent recantation? |
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Definition
Make the child feel safe by living in a safe location
Corroborate interviews and evidence
Reduce stress by being prepared, limit the number of interviews and testimony, fully prepared child |
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Term
|
Definition
| Behavior of an adult who shows a great deal of interest in a vulnerable child and gains that childs trust with gifts and attention. |
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Term
|
Definition
Natural or manmade events that impact highway travel
Requires a response to protect life or property and to mitigate its impacts |
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Term
| Traffic Incidents include |
|
Definition
Motor vehicle crashes
Fires
Disabled Vehicles
Infrastructure Damage
HAZMAT release
Major disasters |
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Term
| Impacts Congestion and Delay |
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Definition
Bottlenecks = 40%
Bad weather = 15%
Work Zones = 10%
Poor signal timing = 5%
Special Events/Other = 5%
Non recurring traffic incidents account for 1/4 congestion and delay
1 minute of interstate lane blockage translates into at last 4 minutes of delay
Poor public image
Secondary Incidents
Decreased quality of life |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vehicles backed up and waiting |
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Term
|
Definition
97.1 Billion, annual cost of congestion
299.5 Billion, annual cost of traffic crashes
Increased fuel consumption
Increased cost of goods and services |
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Term
|
Definition
Impacts first responders, crash victims and the traveling public,
Responder deaths and injuries increase
Nationally on average, 13 LEOs die every year from being struck |
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Term
|
Definition
Congestion and Delay
Economy
Safety |
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|
Term
| Injury crashes every minute |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The goal of Emergency Traffic Control and Scene Management Guidelines |
|
Definition
| provide the safest possible work environment |
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Term
| Traffic Incident Management |
|
Definition
Planned and coordinated multi-disciplinary process to detect, respond to and clear traffic incidents so that traffic may flow as safely and quickly as possible
Effective TIM reduces the duration and impacts of traffic incidents and improves safety |
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Term
| What are the National Unified Goals (NUG) for TIM |
|
Definition
Responder Safety
Safe, Quick clearance
Prompt, Reliable, Interoperable Communications |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Major - Expected duration of 2 hours or more
Intermediate - Expected duration between 30 min and 2 hours
Minor - Expected duration of less than 30 minutes |
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Term
| Incident Command System/ICS |
|
Definition
Single Command - Has complete responsibility, usually first car on scene
Unified Command - Work together without effecting authority, Multi-jurisdictional/Multi-agency |
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Term
| Overriding Incident Response Priorities |
|
Definition
Priority 1: Life Safety
Priority 2: Incident Stabilization
Priority 3: Preservation of Property and Environment |
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Term
| Rules of the Move Over Law |
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Definition
Move over a lane from the stopped vehicles until you have passed
If you can't change lanes, slow down and maintain a safe speed for traffic conditions |
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Term
| Uniform Traffic Control devices/Highly Visible safety vest. |
|
Definition
All workers, including emergency responders, within the right of way of a roadway who are exposed to traffic, shall wear high-visibility safety apparel.
Exceptions - LEOs when engaged in potentially confrontational law enforcement activities.
-Firefighters engaged in emergency operations |
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Term
| Situational Awareness/Safety Considerations |
|
Definition
Never trust approaching traffic
Never turn your back to approaching traffic
Look before you move
Plan an escape route
Maintain a view of the Big picture
Maintain knowledge of current weather conditions and how they may affect driving and/or visibility. |
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Term
| Emergency Vehicle Lighting |
|
Definition
Should be used to provide a warning and should not be used for traffic control.
You can reduce lighting if good traffic control has been established. |
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Term
| Driver Reaction and Stopping distances |
|
Definition
55mph is 80ft/s
60 is 88ft/s
65 is 95ft/s
70 is 102ft/s
Low beam headlights only illuminate 160 feet ahead of the vehicle |
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Term
|
Definition
-Ensure you have safety apparel on
-Position your vehicle to establish initial block
-Conduct scene size-up
-Stabilize scene and provide medical attention to injured persons
-Initiate ICS and/or Unified Command
-Establish a Traffic Incident Management Area |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Location
Incident Classification
Public Works and/or Highway Dept
Vehicles
Injured Persons
Other
Hazardous Materials
Towing and Recovery
Traffic Conditions
Additional Resources |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Move it - Refers to moving vehicles involved in an incident to a secondary location before being worked.
Work it - refers to a situation where the vehicles involved cannot be moved to a secondary location before being worked. |
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Term
| Telecommunicators can receive communications from |
|
Definition
Telephone
Two-Way Radio
Mobile data computer
Real-Time video observation |
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Term
|
Definition
Advance Warning Area
Transition Area
Activity Area
Termination Area |
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Term
|
Definition
Same side of the roadway and same direction
Initial Unit sets the example
Responders should never stop on the opposite side of a roadway and cross
Responders should park on shoulder as far away from roadway as possible
Vehicle should never be unnecessarily placed in the flow of traffic |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| A person who has been injured either physically or emotionally due to the occurrence of a crime. |
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Term
| When dealing with victims ______ is key. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Victims having a __________ is very important. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| First Victims need - Safety |
|
Definition
Protection, need to feel safe
Introduce yourself
Sympathetic and calming voice
Reassure victim of safety and privacy
Introduce crime prevention techniques |
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Term
|
Definition
| Protection from perpetrators and assistance in avoiding re-victimization |
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Term
|
Definition
| Opportunity to participate in justice system processes and obtain information and services |
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Term
|
Definition
| Receiving the support necessary to heal and seeing that perpetrators are held accountable |
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Term
|
Definition
| Assistance to enable participation in the justice system processes and repair of harm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Concise and useful information about justice system processes and victim services |
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Term
|
Definition
| Opportunities to speak out on specific case processing issues and larger policy questions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Consistency in approaches and methods across agencies through all stages of the justice system |
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Term
| Should you lean over and yell into an elderly persons ear if they can't hear you? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Have a hard time reporting the crime effectively |
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Term
| Crime Victims Compensation Programs |
|
Definition
Payer of last resort:
Does not reimburse for property loss or damage.
Only covers certain expenses. |
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Term
| Who provides the disposition of a case to a victim |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If the victim is not satisfied with her care she can complain with |
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Definition
| DOJ office of victim services |
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Term
| Juvenile interrogations... |
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Definition
| Always need to be recorded. |
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Term
|
Definition
Put the witness or victim at ease
Non-confrontational, friendly, loosely structured
Goal is to find out as much as possible |
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Term
|
Definition
Suspects
Goal is to establish the suspect's guilt
Controlled and directed
May involve the suspect at a psychological disadvantage
You must advice suspect of legal rights |
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Term
|
Definition
Inquisitive
Observant
Energetic
Good Communicators
Problems solvers
Patient |
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Term
|
Definition
Compile a list of questions prior to the interrogation
Structure your question to elicit information
Be flexible, sincere, patient, persistent and confident
Not all good interviewers make good interrogators |
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Term
|
Definition
Establish the truth
Guilty or innocent?
Interrogation preparation takes time
Must show guilt beyond a reasonable doubt |
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Term
| Sequence of Interrogations |
|
Definition
Preparation and planing
Engage and Explain
Account clarification and Challenge
Closure
Evaluation |
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Term
|
Definition
Gather as much information as possible
The more info you have, the more control you have
The time invested will improve your confidence, ability and save time |
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Term
|
Definition
Introduce yourself
Encourage suspect to provide you with info
Set the tone
Explain what is going to happen and expectations you have of suspect
Try to build rapport |
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Term
| Account Clarification and Challenge |
|
Definition
First question is vital
Obtain suspects own uninterrupted account
Expand and clarify suspect's account
Challenge suspect's account when necessary |
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Term
|
Definition
Review your notes and other materials
Ask the suspect if there is anything he or she wants to add
Close the interrogation |
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Term
|
Definition
Objectives met?
Review the investigation in light of information obtained
Reflect on how well you conducted the interrogation |
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Term
| Recording Custodial Questioning |
|
Definition
Custodial questioning requires Miranda
Electronically recording custodial questioning
Miranda = Recording |
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Term
|
Definition
Do not bring in other electronic devices
Begin recording at the start of the contact until questioning ends
Announce names of everyone in the room
Ensure subject statements are audible and comprehensible
Audiovisual recording preferred
Agencies should have written policy
Document questioning and get written statement |
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Term
|
Definition
Recording devices may not work/none available
Officer fails to operate device properly
Device my malfunction
Person makes spontaneous statements
Suspect may refuse to speak |
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Term
|
Definition
Speak clearly and distinctly
Ensure answers are audible and clear
Describe non-verbal actions by suspect
Statements only admissible if made voluntarily
Not required to tell suspect anything about the questioning
If asked if recording, you are obligated to tell them
Remember, suspect is innocent until guilt is proven in court |
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Term
|
Definition
Emotional Offender
Non-emotional Offender |
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Term
|
Definition
Anticipate resistance - have a plan
Goal is to gain info or confession - not a power struggle
Use your knowledge of the case to your advantage
Anticipate suspects responses and have a plan
Read the suspect and find triggers that cause him or her to talk |
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Term
|
Definition
Dispositional Factors
Personality characteristics
Youth
Intellectual impairment
Psychopathology
Situational Factors
Physical custody
Isolation
Confrontation
Minimization |
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Term
|
Definition
| When race is only ONE factor among MANY, there is no equal protection violation. |
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Term
| Commitment is needed at two levels for cross culture relationships: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
You intentionally reject the culture
You refuse service to someone of another culture |
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Term
|
Definition
All people are alike.
You use the same approach to all cultures. |
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Term
|
Definition
You recognize that you have biases and take action to learn more about other cultures.
You become complacent after some achievement |
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Term
|
Definition
You accept other cultures and respect differences. You adapt your style to meet the needs of all the cultures you serve.
You consult with leaders of other cultures and seek their advice. |
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Term
|
Definition
You feel your way is the RIGHT or BEST way. Do not accept other cultural perspectives as valid.
You expect less of other cultures and do not make them feel welcome. |
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Term
|
Definition
You develop new, more effective approaches when working with other cultures.
You advocate on behalf of cultures other than your own. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The unreasonable opinions or attitudes towards other cultures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Negative acts against other cultures. |
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Term
|
Definition
an act of violence which can be motivated out of anger, a need to feel powerful, sexual deviance or cognitive disorders
Victims are forced, coerced, dominated, humiliated and/or manipulated into participating in unwanted sexual activity |
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Term
| Reasons a victim may not report an assault |
|
Definition
Doesn't fit the stereotype
The victim doesn't want anyone to know
Officer may not believe victim
Victim may feel this is a personal matter
Victim's prior interaction with law enforcement was negative
Victim may not recognize they were sexually assaulted
Victim may fear being blamed |
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Term
| Victims of sexual assaults usually |
|
Definition
| Have little visible injury, rarely reports the assault and offender probably didn't use a weapon |
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Term
| Sexual Contact if done for |
|
Definition
“Sexual contact" means any of the following if done for the purpose of sexual humiliation, degradation, arousal, or gratification
Clothed/Unclothed
Touching w/object or w/o
By perpetrator or other
Ejaculation on the victim |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Victim struggles to make sense of what happened
Disoriented, dissociation, amnesia
Nightmares, flashbacks, sleep and appetite disturbances
Difficulty concentrating
Constantly reliving the assault
Guilt and self-blame, loss of self-esteem
Feelings of shock, disbelief, helplessness
Extreme fear
Extreme calm and denial
Irritability and outbursts of anger
Depression, suicidal thoughts and actions
Physical symptoms
Shame, sense of damage
Changes in social and sexual functioning
Self-destructive behavior |
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Term
| Stage 2 - Outward adjustment |
|
Definition
Deny or minimize the impact of the assault
Rationalizing the reason it happened
Avoiding reminders of the sexual assault
Experiencing fewer episodes of reliving the assault
Returning to crisis
Expressing emotions about the sexual assault
Developing ways of coping with trauma |
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Term
|
Definition
Victim has better understanding of the assault
Can extend throughout the victim's life
Not all victims achieve integration |
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Term
|
Definition
Significant other/close friend
Children
Extended Family members
Their feelings need to be validated
Secondary victims can aid in the victims recovery |
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Term
| Investigating sexual assault |
|
Definition
Follow the RESPOND model
-Can be challenging due to the traumatic effect on the victim and potential that the crime took place hours or days prior. |
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|
Term
| Best approach when investigate a sexual assault case |
|
Definition
| Multi-Disciplinary approach |
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|
Term
| Sexual Assault thorough Investigation includes |
|
Definition
Who, what, where, when, why, how and how much
During incident: What happened, what was said, threats/violence
After incident, where did suspect go, how did victim get here, who notified police, timeframes, additional ino |
|
|
Term
| During Sexual Assault exams |
|
Definition
| You will stand by (outside the room) and will receive sample from the SANE nurse or doctor |
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Term
| Sexual Assault defenses will focus on: |
|
Definition
Problems in evidence collection
Police not checking out other subjects
Factors that limited the victims ability to see/hear
Bias identification procedures
Denial Defense |
|
|
Term
| Sexual Assault investigation rests on: |
|
Definition
Physical description of subject
DNA evidence
Other evidence linking suspect and victim
Evidence of other similar acts |
|
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Term
|
Definition
After arrest a defendant shall be taken within a reasonable time before a judge.
Within 48 hours. Judge sets bail. |
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Term
|
Definition
Determine if there is probably cause to believe a felony has been committed by the defendant. Found in Chapter 972.
Shall be commenced within 20 days after initial appearance if defendant is released from custody.
Or within 10 days if def is in custody and bail is fixed in excess of $500 |
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Term
|
Definition
If PC is discovered - bound for trial
If PC is for misdemeanor, charge is amended and defendant proceeds to trial
If PC is not found, def is discharged |
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Term
|
Definition
| Processing of admitting or excluding evidence |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Resources for listing sex offenders, probation and parole and rape crisis resources |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Open Ended questions
Should be able to reconstruct the experience based on the info from victim
Let victim talk |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Pain and discomfort
Photos of injuries
Victims perception
Size and strength differences
Evidence of a struggle/the environment
Victims post assault behavior
Consistencies in statements
Victim was unconscious or incapacitated
Either case, victim cannot give consent
Corroborate that victim was unconscious to prove non-consent |
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Term
| Possible clues to false allegations: |
|
Definition
Suspect is stranger
Victim overpowered or attacked by more than one person
Only penile penetration reported
Victim has self-inflicted wounds and not overly concerned about injuries
Victim cannot recall details of assault
Lab reports show no supporting physical evidence |
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|
Term
| A dilemma is a situation in which an individual: |
|
Definition
Does not know the right course of action
Has difficulty deciding |
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