Term
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Definition
| Twins who are genetically identical |
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Term
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Definition
| Twins who are produced when two seperate ova are fertilized by two seperate sperm at roughly the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| The one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present |
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Term
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Definition
| A trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| The underlying combination of genetic matieral present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| An observable trait; the trait that is actually seen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait |
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Term
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Definition
| Inheriting from parents different form of a gene for a given trait |
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Term
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Definition
| Inheritance in whice a comibination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes that are considered recessive and located only on the X chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the effects of heredity on behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair; once referred to as monogolism |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death; there is no treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder resulting from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mothers womb to produce an image of the unborn baby, whose size and shape can then be assessed. |
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Term
| Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
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Definition
| A test used t ofind genetic defects that involves taking samples of hairlike matieral that surrounds the embryo. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| Patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual |
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Term
| Multifactorial transmission |
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Definition
| The determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first- and shortest- stage of the prenatal period which takes place during the first two weeks following conception |
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Term
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Definition
| A condult between the mother and fetus, providing nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord |
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Term
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Definition
| The period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stage that begins at about 8 weeks after conception and continues until birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A developing child, from 8 weeks after conception until birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to concieve after 12-18 months of trying to become pregnant. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of fertilization in which a man's sperm is placed directly into a woman's reproductive tract by a physician. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure in which a woman's ova are removed from her ovaries, and a man's sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a labratory. |
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Term
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Definition
| A factor that produces a birth defect. |
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Term
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) |
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Definition
| A disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child. |
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Term
| Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) |
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Definition
| A condition in which children display some, but not all, of the problems of FAS due to the mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The term used of newborns |
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Term
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Definition
| An incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass. |
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Term
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Definition
| A standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications during the birth process, which can produce cognitive defects. |
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Term
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Definition
| A restriction of oxygen to the baby, lasting a few minutes during the birth process, which can produce cognitive defects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Close physical and emotional contact between parents and child during the period immediately following birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception (also known as premature infants) |
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Term
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Definition
| Infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (around 5 1/2 pounds) at birth |
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Term
| Small-for-gestational-age infants |
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Definition
| Infants who, because of delayed fetal growth, weigh 90 percent (or less) of the average weight of infants of the same gestational age |
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Term
| Very-low-birthweight-infants |
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Definition
| Infants who weigh less than 1,250 grams (around 2.25 pounds) or, regardless of weight, have been in the womb less than 30 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infants still unborn 2 weeks after the mother's due date |
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Term
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Definition
| A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal |
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Term
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Definition
| A device that measures the baby's heartbeat during labor |
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Term
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Definition
| The delivery of a child who is not alive, occuring in fewer than 1 delivery in 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| Death within the first year of life |
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Term
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Definition
| Unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Different degrees of sleep and wakefullness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitation |
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