Term
|
Definition
| The field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Development involving the body's physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Development involving the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a persons behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The way in which individuals interactions with other and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The way in which individuals interactions with other and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of people born at around the same time in the same place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gradual development in which achievments at one level build on those of previous levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Development that occurs in distint steps or stages, with each stage bringout about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are neccesary for development to proceed normally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The predetermined unfolding of genetic information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad explanations, and predictions about phenomena of interest |
|
|
Term
| Psychodynamic perspective |
|
Definition
| The approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond people's awareness and control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory proposed by Freud that suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to Freud, a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body part. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to Erickson, development that encompasses changes both in the understandings individuals have of themselves as members of society and in their comprehension of the meaning of others behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The approach that suggests that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulate that normally does not bring about that type of response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones. |
|
|
Term
| Social-cognitive learning theory |
|
Definition
| Learning by observing the behavior of another person, called a model |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world |
|
|
Term
| Information processing approaches |
|
Definition
| The model that seeks to identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive neuroscience approaches |
|
Definition
| The approach that examines cognitive development through the lens of brain processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The perspective suggesting that levels of the environment simutaneously influence individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The approach that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of posing and answering questions using careful, controlled, techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research that seeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research designed to discover causal relationships between various factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of correlation study in which some naturally occuring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Studies that involve extensive, in depth interviews with a particular individual or small group of individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of study where a group of people chosen to represent some larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic. |
|
|
Term
| Psychophysiological methods |
|
Definition
| Research that focuses on the relationship between physiological processes and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in which an investigator, called an experimenter, devises two different experiences for participants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variable that researchers manipulate in an experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variable that researchers measure to see if it changes as a result of the experimental manipulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A research investigation conducted in a controlled setting explicitly designed to hold events constant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research designed specifically to test some developmental explantion and expand scientfic knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research in which the behavior of one or more participants in a study is measured as they age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research in which researchers examine a number of different age groups over several points in time. |
|
|
